My Introduction
I am Raju Kumar Karki, the son of Mohan Singh Karki and Tulasha Devi Karki, and a permanent resident of Jitpur Simara, Ward No. 2, Mushaharnimai, Bara, Nepal.
I have been serving as a lecturer at Simara College since 2074 BS, where I teach English to BBS students in the morning and to Master’s degree students in the evening. In addition to my academic role, I am the owner and principal of Brighter Academy, one of the leading private boarding schools in Simara. As the principal, I am committed to providing quality education and nurturing the growth of students at the institution.
My leadership extends beyond education. I serve as the President of the Bara PABSON (Private and Boarding Schools’ Organization Nepal) and the President of the NSSF (National Schools Sports Federation) of Bara. Additionally, I hold the position of Chairman at the Mauwadevi Saving and Credit Cooperative, located in Jitpur Simara Sub Metropolitan City-18.
Through my efforts in these various sectors, I am dedicated to improving the quality of education, enhancing the economic conditions of the local community, and promoting sports at the school level. My work is guided by a deep commitment to the development of this region and its people.
great 👍
ReplyDeleteSir, your dedication to education, leadership, and community development is truly inspiring. Your contributions to both the academic and social sectors are commendable and deeply appreciated.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteAn Essay about Superstition in 250 words.
**Superstitions in My Community**
Superstitions are as old as mankind. The earliest humans, who lacked scientific knowledge, easily fell prey to superstitions. Illiteracy and a lack of reasoning ability and knowledge continue to be the main sources that generate and spread superstitions.
Mahatma Buddha was likely the first great figure to explain the importance of reason, which helped eliminate superstitions. He stressed that beliefs should be studied, tested, and judged thoroughly before being accepted. Later, other great thinkers like Guru Nanak and Kabir also urged people to avoid superstitions.
Some may confuse faith with superstition. However, if we think carefully, we’ll see the difference. Faith is a positive force, while superstition is a negative one.
In the past, superstition was widespread in villages. People commonly believed in ghosts. They thought ghosts appeared only at night, visible to some and invisible to others. Clever people took advantage of this by pretending to control ghosts and using tricks to deceive villagers. Sadly, even today, such people exist.
There are many kinds of superstitions still present in our community. People consider the twitching of eyes, a cat crossing the path, or encountering a Brahmin as bad omens. On the other hand, the cawing of a crow is believed to signal a guest’s arrival. Meeting a sweeper early in the morning is considered lucky.
We should aim to develop a scientific mindset and evaluate everything through reasoning.
ReplyDelete**Film Review: *The Pursuit of Happyness***
*Reviewed by: [Your Name]*
**Introduction:**
*The Pursuit of Happyness* is a powerful biographical drama directed by Gabriele Muccino and starring Will Smith. The film is based on the real-life story of Chris Gardner, a struggling salesman who becomes homeless with his young son but never gives up on his dreams.
**Plot Summary:**
The story follows Chris Gardner as he invests his savings in portable bone-density scanners, which he tries to sell to doctors. However, sales are low, and his wife leaves him. Left with his son and no income, Chris faces many hardships, including living in shelters and sleeping in public restrooms. Despite all odds, he secures an unpaid internship at a brokerage firm, hoping it will lead to a better future.
**Characters and Acting:**
Will Smith gives an outstanding performance as Chris Gardner, capturing both his emotional struggle and determination. His real-life son, Jaden Smith, plays Christopher Jr., adding a genuine father-son chemistry to the film.
**Cinematography and Direction:**
The direction is heartfelt and inspiring, with scenes that reflect the harsh realities of poverty without being overly dramatic. The use of close-up shots effectively conveys the characters' emotions.
**Themes:**
The film highlights themes of perseverance, hope, and the importance of never giving up. It also sheds light on homelessness and the challenges of single parenting.
**Conclusion and Rating:**
Overall, *The Pursuit of Happyness* is an emotional and inspiring film that teaches the value of hard work and resilience. I would highly recommend it to anyone looking for motivation in difficult times.
ReplyDelete**Book Review Format**
Introduction: Provide the title of the book, the author’s name, place of publication, publisher, publication date, total number of pages, and specify whether the book is fiction or nonfiction.
Author’s Background: Include a brief profile of the author, highlighting their place in the literary world or area of expertise, and mention any notable contributions they have made to literature.
Summary and Plot: Summarize the main storyline or content of the book.
Themes and Writing Style : Discuss the central themes addressed in the book and describe the author’s writing style.
Reviewer’s Impression and Evaluation : Share your personal opinion and critical assessment of the book, including its strengths and weaknesses.
ReplyDeleteTo
The Editor,
Gorkhapatra Daily,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rising People's Movement Due to Frustration with Traditional Political Parties
Sir/Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of concerned authorities and fellow citizens towards a growing unrest among the people of Nepal due to the continuous failure of traditional political parties to address national issues.
The people of Nepal had great hopes after the democratic movements and the establishment of the republic. However, over the years, old political parties have repeatedly failed to deliver good governance, ensure development, and maintain transparency. Corruption, power struggles, and broken promises have become common traits of these parties.
As a result, the youth and general public are increasingly losing trust in the existing leadership. This frustration is now visible in the form of new people's movements, protests, and the rise of alternative political voices. These movements reflect the people's demand for change, accountability, and visionary leadership.
It is high time that the old political parties reflected on their actions and reconnected with the people's real needs and aspirations. Otherwise, the growing dissatisfaction may take a more radical turn, further destabilizing the country.
I hope this letter encourages a healthy dialogue among political leaders, civil society, and citizens for a better and more just Nepal.
Yours sincerely,
Your Name
Your Addres
ReplyDeleteTo
The Editor,
[Name of the Newspaper],
[City].
Subject: [Write the subject of the letter briefly]
Sir/Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities and the general public towards \[mention the issue/topic briefly].
[In this paragraph, explain the issue in detail. You can include facts, examples, and your personal views.]
[In the concluding paragraph, suggest possible solutions or request action. Keep it polite and constructive.]
I hope my concern will be highlighted through your newspaper to create awareness and bring change.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
Rahul Yadav
Jitpursimara Sub-metropolitan city
ReplyDeletePress Release Format
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
(or “Embargoed Until \[date/time]” if it’s not to be released yet)
Headline:
Write a clear, catchy headline that summarizes the main news.
Subheadline (optional):
A short sentence that adds more detail or context to the headline.*
Dateline:
City, Country – Date (e.g., Simara, Nepal – May 6, 2025)*
First Paragraph (Lead):
Answer the 5Ws: Who, What, When, Where, and Why. This paragraph should provide the most important information.*
Second Paragraph (Details):
Give more background, context, or details. Include quotes from key people (like organizers, principals, or officials).
Third Paragraph (Additional Info)
Add supporting information like goals, outcomes, or future plans.*
Contact Information:
Name
Title/Organization
Phone Number
Email Address
Website
ReplyDeleteSummary Format
1. Title: (Write the title of the paragraph or story)
2. **Author: (Mention the author's name if known)
3. **Main Characters: (List the main characters involved)
4. **Setting: (Where and when the story happens)
5. **Main Idea: (Write the central theme or message)
6. Important Events / Plot: (List the key events in brief, in order)
7. Conclusion / Ending
(How the story ends)
8. Moral / Lesson (if any)
(Write the moral or lesson learned)
ReplyDeleteBook Review: Mina Madan
Author: Laxmi Prasad Devkota
Genre: Epic Poetry
Language:Nepali
Mina Madan* is one of the most celebrated epics in Nepali literature, written by the great poet Laxmi Prasad Devkota. It is a touching and powerful narrative that combines love, sacrifice, patriotism, and social justice. Written in *jhyāure chhanda* (folk verse), the poem is both lyrical and emotionally deep.
Summary:
The story revolves around Madan, a common man who travels to Lhasa, Tibet, in search of wealth, leaving behind his beloved wife Mina. His journey is filled with hardship. On his return, he falls ill and is abandoned by his friends. Surprisingly, a poor man from a so-called "low caste" saves his life. Meanwhile, back home, Mina dies heartbroken waiting for Madan. When Madan returns and learns of her death, he realizes the futility of wealth without love and family.
Themes:
1. **Love and Devotion:** Mina’s pure love and loyalty to her husband is deeply moving.
2. **Social Injustice:** The epic challenges caste discrimination when a so-called low-caste man shows humanity.
3. **Materialism vs. Humanity:** Madan learns that money is worthless without loved ones.
4. **Nationalism and Realism:** Devkota speaks for the common Nepali and highlights social issues.
Language and Style:
Devkota uses simple yet powerful language, making the poem accessible to all. The rhythmic folk style adds to its beauty and memorability. His poetic expressions are rich in emotion and philosophy.
Conclusion:
*Mina Madan* is not just a love story but a mirror to Nepali society. It teaches moral values, questions social evils, and upholds humanity. It remains timeless and relevant, making it a must-read for all lovers of literature.
paragraph on the topic The Importance of Time Management for Students followed by a summary.
ReplyDeleteParagraph (Approx. 500 words):
Time management is one of the most essential life skills, especially for students who must balance academics, extracurricular activities, personal responsibilities, and leisure. The ability to use time wisely can significantly influence a student's success, both in school and in life. Students often face deadlines, assignments, exams, and other academic challenges that demand proper planning and scheduling. Without effective time management, students may feel overwhelmed, procrastinate, or fail to complete tasks on time, which can affect their academic performance and mental health. On the other hand, those who manage their time effectively can complete their work more efficiently, reduce stress, and have more time to engage in hobbies, rest, or socialize.
Good time management begins with setting clear goals and priorities. Students should identify what tasks are urgent and important, and allocate their time accordingly. Creating a daily or weekly timetable helps in organizing study hours, breaks, and other activities in a structured way. It’s important to avoid distractions such as excessive use of mobile phones or social media, which often consume valuable time without providing much benefit. Staying focused during study sessions, using techniques like the Pomodoro method or time-blocking, and breaking larger tasks into smaller, manageable parts can help students stay on track and motivated.
Furthermore, time management builds discipline and a sense of responsibility. When students learn to stick to a routine, they are more likely to complete tasks independently and develop a sense of achievement. This not only improves academic results but also boosts confidence and self-esteem. Time management also teaches students the value of punctuality, commitment, and organization—qualities that are highly appreciated in both higher education and professional life. In the long run, students who master time management are better prepared to face real-world challenges where deadlines, efficiency, and productivity are key.
Another crucial aspect of time management is flexibility. While it's important to have a schedule, it should not be too rigid. Unexpected events or challenges may arise, and students must learn how to adapt and make adjustments. This balance between structure and flexibility helps develop resilience and problem-solving skills. Also, proper time management allows room for relaxation and recreation, which are vital for maintaining good mental and physical health. Overworking or over-planning without breaks can lead to burnout, which defeats the purpose of being productive.
In conclusion, time management is not just a skill but a habit that every student should develop to lead a balanced, successful, and fulfilling life. It empowers students to achieve their goals, overcome academic stress, and prepare for the future with confidence. Schools and teachers can play a supportive role by guiding students with tools, strategies, and regular reminders about its importance. Ultimately, when students learn to value and manage their time well, they are better positioned to make the most of their education and life.
Summary
Time management is a vital skill for students to succeed academically and personally. It involves setting priorities, avoiding distractions, staying disciplined, and balancing work with rest. Effective time management reduces stress, boosts confidence, and prepares students for future responsibilities. By adopting good time management habits, students can lead more organized, productive, and balanced lives.
Raju Kumar Karki
One event I always remember is the day I received my school graduation certificate. It was a moment filled with pride and happiness, not only for me but also for my family. I had worked hard throughout the year, and standing on the stage to receive the certificate felt like a great reward. The auditorium was filled with cheerful applause, and the principal congratulated each student personally, which made the moment even more special.
ReplyDeleteWhat made the day even more memorable was the presence of my parents, who had supported me every step of the way. I could see the joy and pride in their eyes, and it gave me a sense of accomplishment. After the ceremony, we clicked many photographs with friends and teachers. Everyone was dressed in their best, and there was a festive feeling all around. We shared laughter, stories, and snacks, making the day full of smiles and sweet memories.
That event left a lasting impression on me because it marked the end of one important chapter and the beginning of another. It taught me the value of hard work and the happiness of achieving a goal. Whenever I feel discouraged, I think back to that day, and it motivates me to keep going. It was not just a celebration of academic success, but also a reminder that dedication and effort always lead to beautiful results.
To
ReplyDeleteThe Mayor,
Your Sub-Metropolitan City Name
City Address
Subject: Suggesting Initiatives to Promote Physical Fitness and Healthy Lifestyle
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to suggest some initiatives to promote physical fitness and a healthy lifestyle among the residents of our sub-metropolitan city. In today’s fast-paced life, people are increasingly neglecting their health, leading to lifestyle-related diseases. It is crucial that our local government takes steps to encourage healthy habits in the community.
I propose organizing weekly fitness events such as morning yoga sessions in public parks, health awareness camps, and regular cycling or walk-to-school campaigns. Establishing outdoor gyms and improving walking tracks can also motivate people to engage in daily physical activity. Furthermore, collaborating with local schools to include fitness challenges and health education can instill lifelong habits in children.
Such programs will not only improve the health of our citizens but also reduce the burden on healthcare services. A healthy community leads to a more productive and vibrant city. I hope you will consider these suggestions for the betterment of our society.
Sincerely,
Rashi Chaudhary
Jitpursimara-2
2082/01/25
ReplyDelete1. Write an email as the Department Head of Humanities inviting all faculty members to attend the first workshop on “Leadership in Academia”, including all the necessary details.
To: All Faculty Members
From:Head, Department of Humanities
Subject: Invitation to Attend Workshop on “Leadership in Academia”
Dear Faculty Members,
I hope this message finds you well.
I am pleased to inform you that the Department of Humanities is organizing its first workshop titled “Leadership in Academia”. The purpose of this workshop is to enhance leadership skills, promote academic collaboration, and foster professional development among faculty members.
Date: Monday, May 20, 2025
Time:10:00 AM – 1:00 PM
Venue:Seminar Hall, Humanities Block
Facilitator: Raju Kumar Karki(Leadership Expert)
Your presence and active participation will greatly enrich the session. Kindly confirm your attendance by May 15, 2025.
Looking forward to your positive response.
Warm regards,
Arman Singh
Head, Department of Humanities
Brighter College
ReplyDelete1.Write a travelogue based on your own experience of a place you visited recently during a two-day trip.
A Two-Day Trip to Pokhara
Last month, I went on a two-day trip to Pokhara with my friends. It was one of the most memorable journeys of my life. We started our journey early in the morning from Simara. The long drive through hills, forests, and small villages was breathtaking. By late afternoon, we reached Pokhara and checked into a hotel near Lakeside.
On the first day, we visited Phewa Lake. The calm water and the reflection of the Annapurna range made the view heavenly. We enjoyed boating and clicked many pictures. In the evening, we explored the Lakeside market, tried local food, and watched cultural performances.
The next day, we woke up early and went to Sarangkot to see the sunrise. Watching the golden rays hit the snow-capped mountains was magical. Later, we visited Davis Falls and the Gupteshwor Cave. Both were thrilling and added excitement to our journey.
By evening, we started our journey back home, feeling refreshed and happy. The trip not only gave us a break from daily life but also strengthened our bond of friendship. It was an experience I will never forget.
format for writing a travelogue
ReplyDeleteTitle
(A catchy or descriptive title related to your journey)
1. Introduction
* Purpose of the travel
* Destination(s)
* Date and duration
* Travel companions (if any)
2. Preparation
* Packing and planning
* Tickets, documents, itinerary
* Expectations or excitement
3. Journey
* Mode of transportation
* Travel experience (road, flight, train, etc.)
* First impressions
4. Places Visited
* Description of major attractions
* Local food, people, and culture
* Unique experiences or incidents
* Activities done (hiking, boating, sightseeing, etc.)
5. Challenges Faced
*Weather issues, health, language, etc.
How you handled them
6. Conclusion/Reflection**
* Memorable moments
* Lessons learned
* Would you recommend this trip to others?
Final thoughts.
Idioms and Phrases
ReplyDelete1. Decked up – Dressed in special or fancy clothes to look particularly attractive.
2. Doing the rounds – Being circulated or passed from one person to another.
3. Between the cup and the lips – Very close to achieving something, but not quite there.
4. A damp squib– A complete disappointment or failure.
5. Put off – To postpone or delay doing something, often because of reluctance.
6. A dime a dozen – Extremely common and easy to obtain.
7. Cast-iron stomach – The ability to eat anything without experiencing discomfort or illness.
8. A mare’s nest– A mistaken belief or a false discovery.
9. Takes a beating– To suffer damage or criticism due to poor performance.
10. A chip on your shoulder – Holding a grudge or being easily angered due to a past grievance.
11. A toss-up– A situation with an uncertain outcome, where either result is equally possible.
12. An iron hand– Using strict or forceful control.
13. A taste of your own medicine – Experiencing the same negative treatment you have given to others.
ReplyDelete14. At the drop of a hat– Ready to do something instantly
15. A man of straw– A person with no strength or real influence
16. Bite your tongue– To stop yourself from speaking
17. An eyewash– Something that is fake or a deception
18. At sixes and sevens– In a state of confusion or disagreement
19. Bite off more than you can chew– Take on a task that is too big to manage
20. Can’t cut the mustard – Not good enough to succeed or take part
21. Call a spade a spade – Speak honestly and directly
22. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch– Don’t assume success before it actually happens
23. Dog days of summer – The hottest period during the summer
24. Ever and anon – Occasionally or from time to time
25. Field day – A day full of fun and enjoyment
26. Bits and pieces – Small items or fragments of various kinds
27. Kick the bucket – To die
28. Know the ropes– To be familiar with how something works
29. Latin and Greek – Hard or impossible to understand
ReplyDeletePress Release
Date:[Insert Current Date]
From: Office of the Executive Director
Rubar's Multi-Store Department**
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE**
Rubar's Multi-Store Launches New Affordable Jeans Collection for All Ages
Rubar's Multi-Store Department is proud to announce the grand launch of our latest clothing line—"Rubar's Denim Wear"**, a brand-new collection of high-quality jeans designed for people of all age groups. This exciting new range combines comfort, style, and durability at a price every customer can afford.
Available now at all Rubar's store locations, our new denim line comes in a variety of styles, sizes, and colors to suit the diverse preferences of our valued customers—from toddlers to seniors. With this launch, we aim to bring fashion within everyone’s reach without compromising on quality.
As the Executive Director of Rubar's Multi-Store Department, I warmly invite our loyal customers and new shoppers to visit our stores and experience the fresh new look of affordable fashion. We believe this addition will further strengthen our commitment to offering the best value and variety in the market.
Thank you for continuing to trust Rubar’s. We look forward to welcoming you to our stores!
For further details, contact:
Customer Care Desk: [Insert contact number]
Email: [Insert email address]
Website: [Insert website URL]
Rubar's Multi-Store Department — Fashion for Every Generation.
ReplyDelete1.Write a job application letter for the post of an accountant in a reputed bank. Mention your CV too.
2.Write a news story to be published in a newspaper about drug abuse among teenagers.
1. Job Application Letter for the Post of an Accountant**
To
The Manager,
\[Bank Name],
\[Bank Address].
Subject:Application for the post of an Accountant
Dear Sir/Madam,
With reference to your advertisement published in \[Newspaper Name] on \[Date], I would like to apply for the post of an accountant in your reputed bank. I have completed my Bachelor's degree in Business Studies with specialization in Accounting and have two years of experience working as a junior accountant at XYZ Company. I am skilled in Tally, Excel, and other accounting software.
I have attached my CV with this letter for your kind consideration. I shall be grateful if you give me an opportunity to face the interview and prove my capability.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Your Name]
[Contact Number]
[Email Address]
Curriculum Vitae (CV):
Name:[Your Name]
Address:[Your Address]
Phone:[Your Phone Number]
Email:[Your Email]
Date of Birth:[Your DOB]
Nationality:** \[Your Nationality]
Education:
* Bachelor’s in Business Studies – [University Name] – [Year]
Experience:
* Junior Accountant, XYZ Company – 2 years
Skills:
Tally, Excel, MS Office, Accounting Principles References:** Available upon request
2. News Story about Drug Abuse Among Teenagers**
Title:Rising Drug Abuse Among Teenagers Alarms Society*
Kathmandu, May 14 – Drug abuse among teenagers has become a growing concern in Nepal. Recent surveys and reports have shown a sharp increase in the number of young individuals addicted to various substances, especially in urban areas.
Experts say that peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, and easy access to drugs are the major causes behind this trend. Schools and colleges have also reported increasing incidents of students being caught using or carrying drugs.
Authorities and NGOs have been working together to raise awareness about the harmful effects of drug use. Campaigns, seminars, and counseling sessions are being conducted, but a stronger commitment is still needed from families, schools, and the government.
If this issue is not addressed promptly, it could lead to a severe crisis among the youth, affecting the nation’s future.
ReplyDeleteप्रश्न:निम्न सूचकाङ्कहरूका आधारमा HDI को मान निकाल्नुहोस्:
* नेपालको औसत आयु: ७०.२ वर्ष
* विश्वको न्यूनतम औसत आयु: २० वर्ष
* विश्वको अधिकतम औसत आयु: ८५ वर्ष
* नेपालको शैक्षिक सहभागिता वर्ष: १२.५ वर्ष
* विद्यालय पठन पाठनको अपेक्षित सहभागिता वर्ष: १३.५ वर्ष
* विश्वको न्यूनतम शैक्षिक सहभागिता वर्ष: ० वर्ष
* विश्वको अधिकतम शैक्षिक सहभागिता वर्ष: १८ वर्ष
* नेपालको प्रतिव्यक्ति आय: ४,५५० अमेरिकी डलर
* विश्वको न्यूनतम प्रतिव्यक्ति आय: १०० अमेरिकी डलर
* विश्वको अधिकतम प्रतिव्यक्ति आय: ७५,००० अमेरिकी डलर
उत्तर दिनुहोस्: माथिका विवरण प्रयोग गरी नेपालको HDI को मान गणना गर्नुहोस्।
ReplyDeleteCase Study Title: Poor Communication Leads to Project Failure
Background:
ABC Pvt. Ltd. is a mid-sized IT company based in Kathmandu. It recently signed a contract to develop a mobile application for a UK-based client, TechNova Ltd. The project was expected to be completed in 4 months.
Case:
Ramesh, the project manager at ABC, assigned the development task to his team and communicated the requirements over email. However, he failed to organize regular meetings or follow up on progress. The developers interpreted the client’s requirements differently, leading to the development of features that were not part of the initial agreement.
The client was not updated regularly and assumed everything was on track. When the final product was delivered, it lacked key features, and many elements did not meet the expectations. TechNova was unhappy and canceled the remaining payment. ABC Pvt. Ltd. not only lost a client but also suffered reputational damage.
Discussion Questions:
1. What communication gaps can you identify in this case?
2. How could Ramesh have ensured better understanding among his team?
3. What steps should be taken to avoid such situations in future projects?
Suggested Solution:
Communication Gaps:
* Lack of regular team meetings.
* Sole reliance on email without confirming understanding.
* No regular updates to the client.
Better Practices:
* Hold kickoff and weekly meetings to clarify goals.
* Use project management tools like Trello or Asana for task tracking.
* Schedule regular virtual meetings with the client for feedback.
Future Steps:
* Develop a communication plan at the beginning of every project.
* Assign a liaison officer to handle client communication.
* Create written summaries of every major client meeting and share with the team.
Topic: Non-verbal Communication
ReplyDeleteDefinition:
Non-verbal communication refers to the process of conveying a message without the use of words. It includes facial expressions, gestures, body language, eye contact, posture, tone of voice, and even silence.
Importance in Business Context:
1. First Impressions: Non-verbal cues like dress code, handshake, and posture play a big role in creating impressions in interviews and meetings.
2. Support Verbal Communication: Gestures and facial expressions can reinforce spoken words.
3. Express Emotions: Emotions like happiness, anger, surprise, or confusion are often better expressed non-verbally.
4. Cross-Cultural Understanding:Non-verbal cues vary across cultures, so understanding them helps in international business dealings.
5. Negotiation & Persuasion:Successful negotiators are skilled in reading body language to assess the mood and reactions of others.
Types of Non-verbal Communication:
1. Kinesics: Body language – facial expressions, gestures, posture.
2. Proxemics: Use of space – personal distance varies culturally.
3. Haptics: Use of touch – like handshakes or pats on the back.
4. Paralanguage: Tone, pitch, volume of voice.
5. Appearance: Clothing, hairstyle, cleanliness.
6. Chronemics: Use of time – punctuality shows professionalism.
Examples in Business Settings:
* Nodding during a presentation shows attentiveness.
* Avoiding eye contact may indicate dishonesty or nervousness.
* Standing confidently shows leadership.
Conclusion:
Non-verbal communication is a powerful tool in the business world. Mastering it can enhance professional relationships, leadership skills, and overall communication effectiveness.
The phrase "Conducting and participating in the meetings"refers to two important roles in any formal or informal meeting setup. Here's a brief explanation of each:
ReplyDelete1. Conducting Meetings
This involves leading or organizing a meeting. The person conducting the meeting is usually the chairperson, facilitator, or host, and their duties include:
* Preparing the agenda
* Inviting participants
* Starting and guiding the discussion
* Managing time
* Summarizing key points
* Making decisions or assigning tasks
* Ending the meeting effectively
2. Participating in Meetings
This refers to the **active involvement** of attendees in a meeting. Participants are expected to:
* Attend on time
* Prepare in advance
* Listen actively
* Share relevant ideas or feedback
* Ask questions or raise concerns
* Follow up on assigned tasks
ReplyDeleteMeeting Title: Monthly Staff Meeting
Date: May 15, 2025
Time: 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM
Venue: Conference Room A
Chairperson: Mr. Ramesh Shrestha (Managing Director)
Note-taker: Ms. Anita Sharma (Admin Officer)
1. Attendance
Present:
* Mr. Ramesh Shrestha – Managing Director
* Ms. Anita Sharma – Admin Officer
* Mr. Suman Joshi – Finance Manager
* Ms. Kabita Thapa – HR Manager
* Mr. Arjun Lama – Sales Officer
Apologies:
* Ms. Rekha Adhikari – Marketing Head (on official leave)
-2. Agenda Items
2.1 Review of Last Meeting Minutes
* Approved with no corrections.
2.2 Sales Performance Review (April 2025)
* Mr. Arjun Lama presented the sales report.
* Sales increased by 8% compared to March 2025.
* Suggestion to focus more on online sales.
Decision:
* Sales team to develop an online sales strategy by May 25.
* Responsible: Mr. Arjun Lama
2.3 HR Update on Staff Training**
* Ms. Kabita Thapa proposed a two-day workshop on “Customer Service Excellence.”
* Tentative date: June 10–11, 2025.
Decision:
* Approved. Training to be conducted at Hotel Simara View.
* Responsible: Ms. Kabita Thapa
2.4 Budget Review
* Mr. Suman Joshi highlighted overspending in office supplies.
* Proposed a 15% cut in next month’s budget.
Decision:
* Department heads to monitor spending and submit weekly reports.
* Responsible: All Department Heads
3. Other Business
* Annual company picnic scheduled for July 5, 2025.
* Planning committee to be formed by next week.
4. Date of Next Meeting
* June 17, 2025, at 10:00 AM, Conference Room A
Meeting Adjourned at: 11:30 AM
Minutes Prepared by:
Ms. Anita Sharma
Date: May 15, 2025
Comparative Question:
ReplyDeleteHow do Judy Brady in "I Want a Wife"* and Gayle Rosenwald Smith in "The Wife-Beater"present the theme of gender roles and expectations in society?
-- Comparative Answer:
Both Judy Brady’s “I Want a Wife” and Gayle Rosenwald Smith’s “The Wife-Beater”critically explore gender roles and expectations, but they approach the subject in different ways.
In “I Want a Wife,” Brady uses satire and irony to highlight the unrealistic and unfair expectations placed on women in traditional marriages. She lists all the duties expected of a wife — cooking, cleaning, child-rearing, sexual satisfaction, emotional support — as if applying for a servant, not a life partner. Through this exaggerated tone, Brady exposes how society undervalues women and takes their labor for granted. Her essay is a powerful feminist critique of the patriarchal structure that defines women primarily by their roles as wives and mothers.
In contrast, “The Wife-Beater” by Smith takes a more literal and direct approach. She discusses the contradictions in how society romanticizes or normalizes abuse through fashion — specifically, the naming of an undershirt as a “wife-beater.” Smith is disturbed by how casually people, especially women, wear this term without questioning its violent origin. She connects this to real-life abuse and the broader issue of gender-based violence and society’s silence or complicity in it.
While both essays criticize how women are treated, Brady focuses on the burdens of domestic roles, whereas Smith addresses the dangers of cultural normalization of violence against women**. Brady uses sarcasm to challenge sexist expectations, while Smith uses argument and real-life references to challenge the disturbing acceptance of abuse in everyday language and culture.
ReplyDeleteMEMORANDUM
To:[Recipient's Name/Designation]
From:[Your Name/Designation]
Date:[Write the date]
**Subject:[Clear and concise subject line]
Body of the Memo:
1. Opening/Introduction: Briefly state the purpose of the memo.
2. Main Content: Give details, background, or explanation of the issue or information.
3. Conclusion/Action: Mention what is expected next (action to be taken, response needed, etc.).
Example:
MEMORANDUM
To: All Teaching Staff
From: Principal, Brighter Academy
Date:June 1, 2025
Subject: Meeting Regarding Annual Result Preparation
This is to inform you that a staff meeting will be held on June 5, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. in the staff room to discuss the preparation of the final results and distribution of report cards.
All teachers are requested to bring their mark sheets and records for discussion.
Your cooperation is appreciated.
ReplyDeleteNOTICE
[Subject of the Notice]
Date:[DD/MM/YYYY]
To:All Staff / Specific Department(s)
This is to inform you that [clearly state the purpose of the notice — such as a meeting, change in policy, announcement, etc.].
Details:
* Date:[Date of event/action]
* Time:[Time]
* Venue:[Location, if applicable]
* Agenda/Purpose:[Briefly list agenda points or reasons]
You are requested to \[attend/follow/comply/etc.] accordingly. Your presence/prompt action will be highly appreciated.
Issued by:
\[Name of the Manager]
Manager
\[Company/Organization Name]
NOTICE
Staff Meeting Regarding Quarterly Performance Review**
Date: 02/06/2025
To: All Department Heads
This is to inform you that a staff meeting has been scheduled to discuss the quarterly performance review and set targets for the upcoming quarter.
Details:
* Date: 04/06/2025
* Time: 10:00 AM
* Venue:Conference Room A
* Agenda:
* Review of Q2 performance
* Discussion on departmental challenges
*Setting Q3 goals
All department heads are required to attend the meeting without fail and bring relevant performance reports.
Issued by:
Ramesh Thapa
Manager
Everest Trading Pvt. Ltd.
ReplyDeletexx Constructing a Resume xx
1. Header (Personal Information)
Include your:
* Full Name
* Address (optional or just city, district)
* Mobile Number
* Email Address
* LinkedIn (if available)
Example:
Rita Thapa
Birgunj, Parsa, Nepal
Mobile: +977-9800000000
Email: ritathapa@email.com
2. Career Objective or Summary
Write 2–3 lines explaining your career goal and what you offer.
Example:
> Dedicated and enthusiastic individual seeking a teaching position to utilize my communication skills, creativity, and passion for education in a progressive institution.
3. Educational Qualification
Use a table or bullet points.
Example Table:
| Degree | School/College | Board/University | Year | Percentage |
| ------ | -------------------- | -------------------- | ---- | ---------- |
| B.Ed. | XYZ College | Tribhuvan University | 2022 | 70% |
| +2 | ABC Secondary School | NEB | 2018 | 68% |
| SEE | Shree Janata School | NEB | 2016 | 76% |
4. Work Experience (if any)
Mention job title, organization, location, and your duties.
Example:
Primary Teacher
Shree Bal Uddhar School, Bara
*March 2021 – Present
* Taught English and Social Studies from Grade 4 to 6
* Prepared lesson plans and organized educational acts.
5. Skills
List your hard and soft skills.
Example:
* Strong verbal and written communication
* Lesson planning and classroom management
* MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint
* Bilingual: Nepali, Bhojpuri, English
-6. Trainings/Certificates (if any)
Example:
* Basic Computer Training – 2020
* Primary Level Teacher Training7. Extra-Curricular Activities (Optional)
Example.
* Organized inter-school quiz competitions
* Volunteered during COVID-19 awareness programs.
8. References
You can either provide references or simply say:
> References:Available upon request.
**Finding the ideal opportunity**
ReplyDelete1. Learning to Think Like an Employer
• Begin by shifting your mindset: employers are not just looking for degrees—they want people who solve problems, add value, and fit their organizational culture.
• Understand what drives a business: profit, innovation, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.
• Ask yourself, "If I were hiring, what would I want in a candidate for this role?"
2. Researching Industries and Companies of Interest
• Identify which sectors match your interests, skills, and long-term goals.
• Study industry trends, growth potential, required skills, and emerging technologies.
• Research individual companies—look into their mission, values, key people, products, challenges, and recent developments.
3. Translating General Potential into a Specific Solution
• Reflect on your strengths (communication, problem-solving, creativity, etc.).
• Learn how to present those as solutions to real problems companies face.
• Tailor your resume, cover letter, and interviews to show how you solve their specific needs.
4. Taking the Initiative to Find Opportunities
• Don’t wait for job ads—proactively reach out to companies.
• Use platforms like LinkedIn, company websites, and job fairs.
• Consider internships, volunteering, or project work to get your foot in the door.
5. Building Your Network
• Connect with professionals in your field—teachers, alumni, industry experts.
• Attend events, seminars, and webinars. Be curious and open-minded.
• Offer value to your connections—share information, assist, or simply listen well.
6. Seeking Career Counseling
• Meet with school/college career counselors or professional coaches.
• Take career assessments to understand your personality, interests, and strengths.
• Get guidance on educational paths, career planning, and job search strategies.
7. Avoiding Mistakes
• Don’t send generic resumes; tailor them to each job.
• Avoid being passive or overconfident—stay humble but proactive.
• Be careful on social media; employers often check your digital footprint.
• Keep improving your skills and don’t settle for comfort zones.
Sample Combination Resume
ReplyDelete[Your Full Name]
[Your Address] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address] | [LinkedIn/Portfolio]
Professional Summary
Versatile and results-driven professional with over 5 years of experience in customer service, sales, and team leadership. Proven ability to drive revenue, manage client relationships, and streamline operations. Seeking to leverage diverse skills in a [Target Job Title] role.
Core Skills & Strengths
• Customer Relationship Management
• Conflict Resolution & Problem Solving
• Team Leadership & Staff Training
• Sales & Upselling Techniques
• Time Management & Multi-tasking
• Proficiency in Microsoft Office & CRM systems
Key Achievements
• Increased customer retention by 20% through personalized support strategies
• Trained and mentored 10+ new hires, reducing onboarding time by 30%
• Exceeded quarterly sales targets by 15% consistently for 2 years
Professional Experience
Customer Service Supervisor
XYZ Corporation – Kathmandu, Nepal
March 2021 – Present
• Supervise a team of 8 representatives
• Monitor quality assurance and handle escalated issues
• Implement new communication tools that improved team efficiency by 25%
Sales Associate
ABC Retailers – Birgunj, Nepal
June 2018 – Feb 2021
• Met and exceeded monthly sales targets
• Built strong rapport with customers, increasing upsell opportunities
• Conducted inventory checks and assisted in store management tasks
Education
Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS)
Tribhuvan University – Simara, Nepal
Graduated: 2018
Certifications
• Customer Service Excellence – Skillsoft, 2020
• Team Leadership Training – Coursera, 2021
References
Available upon request.
Would you like me to help you create a combination resume with your own background? Just let me know your work history and skills, and I can format it for you.
Sample Functional Resume
ReplyDelete[Your Full Name]
[Your Address] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address] | [LinkedIn Profile]
Objective
Creative and adaptable professional with a strong background in [Industry/Field], seeking a position as a [Job Title] where I can apply my skills in [Key Skill Areas] to contribute to the success of [Company Name].
Key Skills and Qualifications
1. Communication and Interpersonal Skills
• Delivered presentations and led group discussions in academic and workplace settings
• Successfully resolved client complaints with a 95% satisfaction rate
2. Project Management
• Managed school/college projects from planning to execution, consistently meeting deadlines
• Coordinated team members and allocated resources efficiently
3. Technical Proficiency
• Proficient in MS Office Suite, Google Workspace, and [any other tools]
• Experience with data entry, content creation, or [relevant task]
4. Leadership and Teamwork
• Led a team of 5 in a volunteer project, achieving set goals ahead of schedule
• Collaborated with diverse groups in both academic and work settings
Professional Experience (Brief Summary)
Note: This section is optional in functional resumes but can be added briefly to show work history.
Company Name – Job Title
City, State | Year–Year
Company Name – Job Title
City, State | Year–Year
Education
Degree or Certificate
School or University Name – City, State
Year of Graduation
Certifications (Optional)
• Certificate Name – Organization (Year)
References
Available upon request.
Sample Chronological Resume
ReplyDelete[Your Full Name]
[Your Address] | [Phone Number] | [Email Address] | [LinkedIn Profile]
Objective (Optional)
Motivated and detail-oriented professional with [X] years of experience in [Industry/Field], seeking a position as a [Job Title] where I can contribute to [Company's goals/mission].
Work Experience
Job Title
Company Name – City, State
Month Year – Present
• Key responsibility 1
• Key responsibility 2
• Notable achievement or metric (e.g., "Increased sales by 20% in one year")
Previous Job Title
Company Name – City, State
Month Year – Month Year
• Key responsibility
• Achievement
Earlier Job Title
Company Name – City, State
Month Year – Month Year
• Responsibility
• Achievement
Education
Degree or Certification
Institution Name – City, State
Year of Graduation
Skills
• Skill 1
• Skill 2
• Skill 3 (e.g., Microsoft Office, Communication, Project Management)
Certifications (Optional)
• Certification Name – Issuing Organization (Year)
References
Available upon request.
Why were the people in the neighborhood surprised at the role of the young man and his wife in their family?
ReplyDeleteThe people in the neighborhood were surprised at the role of the young man and his wife because his wife used to do work in hospital while he used to live in the house working on his thesis and cook for his wife when she return back home.
e. How did the neighbours respond to the woman’s pregnancy?
The neighbours responded to the woman’s pregnancy by smiling tirelessly. The man in the deli gave her small presents of chocolates and him packets of cigarettes. In the summer, Italian women began to offer names. Greek women stopped the young woman in the street, pulled her skirt up and felt her belly, telling her it was bound to be a boy. By late summer the woman next door had knitted the baby a suit, complete with booties and beanie and the Polish widower next door had almost finished his two-car garage.
MAIN CHARACTERS
ReplyDeleteA Respectable Woman by Kate Chopin
Who are the main characters in the story "A Respectable Woman"?
The main characters in this story are Mr. Gaston Baroda, Mrs. Baroda, and a visitor named Gouvernail.
Mrs. Baroda:
Mrs. Baroda is the main character in the story "A Respectable Woman". She lives with her husband, Mr. Baroda, on her sugar plantation in Louisiana. She is quite a frank as well as chatty woman. She is happily married to Mr. Baroda. But she seems somewhat disturbed by the arrival of Gouvernail, to whom she is physically attracted.
Gouvernail:
Gouvernail is another main character in the story "A Respectable Woman." He is a journalist by profession and a college friend of Mr. Gaston Baroda. He is a peace-loving person. He visits the Barodas' sugar plantation and becomes the main subject of interest to Mrs. Baroda. His presence as well as his behaviour have made Mrs. Baroda feel a mental disturbance.
Mr. Gaston Baroda:
Mr. Gaston Baroda is the third main character of the story. He is the husband of Mrs. Baroda. He is quite a frank man with different hobbies. He cares for his wife very much. For him, Gouvernail is a great friend from his college days. He seems unable to understand his wife's apparent antipathy.
ABOUT THIS SHORT STORY
ReplyDeleteA Respectable Woman by Kate Chopin
Write about the story of "A Respectable Woman".
"A Respectable Woman" is a short fictional story that has been written by American writer Kate Chopin. She had written this story in the early 1890s. The story was initially written on January 20, 1894, and published in Vogue on February 15, 1894. It was one of nineteen Kate Chopin stories that Vogue published.
This story is about the main character, Mrs. Baroda, and her inner conflict. This story has presented Mrs. Baroda's inner conflict as she finds herself attracted to her husband's friend.
The story follows the elements of a traditional plot: exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution.
'A Respectable Woman' is a story about a woman whose husband invites his old college friend to stay with them on their sugar plantation for a week or two. Despite being certain that she will dislike the man, she finds that she is strangely attracted to him and grows confused about her feelings.
Summary of “A Respectable Woman” by Kate Chopin
ReplyDeleteThe story opens with Mrs. Baroda feeling frustrated. She had been looking forward to a quiet, restful time with her husband, Gaston, after a busy winter season. So when Gaston told her that his old college friend, Gouvernail, was coming to stay at their sugar plantation for a week or two, she wasn’t pleased. She’d never met Gouvernail before, only heard about him in passing—he was a journalist now, and Gaston had described him as clever and thoughtful.
Mrs. Baroda had built up an image of Gouvernail in her mind: someone tall, slim, maybe a little aloof or sarcastic, with glasses and a hands-in-pockets sort of demeanor. But when he arrived, he was not what she expected. He was quiet, polite, and very reserved—not especially brilliant or talkative like Gaston. At first, this threw her off. She didn’t understand why she started to feel drawn to him.
Though she couldn’t pinpoint exactly what she liked about Gouvernail, she found him gentle and inoffensive. Unlike other guests, he didn’t try to impress her or demand attention. He seemed content just sitting on the porch, listening to Gaston talk about plantation life. He wasn’t interested in fishing or hunting, and he didn’t speak much at all.
Mrs. Baroda became increasingly unsettled. She couldn’t make sense of her feelings—why was she so intrigued by someone who wasn’t outgoing or particularly engaging? She began joining him on walks, hoping to break through his quiet exterior, but eventually grew tired of the emotional tension. She told her husband she was thinking of leaving for a while to visit her aunt, hinting that Gouvernail’s presence was too much.
That night, as she sat outside alone, Gouvernail approached her quietly. He wrapped a scarf around her shoulders—on her husband’s behalf—and then, for the first time, began to open up. He spoke softly about the past and his longing for peace and simplicity. She barely registered what he was saying; it was the sound of his voice and the intimacy of the moment that overwhelmed her. In that instant, she wanted to reach out to him—touch his face, be close to him—but she didn’t. Her sense of identity, of being "a respectable woman," held her back. She walked away, leaving Gouvernail behind in the night.
The next morning, Mrs. Baroda left for the city and stayed away until after Gouvernail had gone. Though she considered telling her husband about her emotional turmoil, she chose instead to keep it to herself and regain her composure. Later, when Gaston suggested inviting Gouvernail back the next summer, she surprised him by agreeing. She even said she’d treat him better next time. Her change of heart delighted Gaston, though he didn’t understand the depth of what she had gone through.
As with many of Kate Chopin’s stories, the ending is open to interpretation. We’re left wondering: has Mrs. Baroda truly mastered her emotions, or is she merely suppressing them to fit the role of a respectable woman? Chopin leaves us questioning what it really means to live with dignity—whether it’s about adhering to social expectations or staying true to one’s inner truth.
Let me know if you’d like this version shortened or adapted for a specific audience (e.g., classroom discussion, literary essay, etc.).
Summary: The story follows Mrs. Baroda, a woman living on a Louisiana plantation with her husband, Gaston. When Gaston's friend Gouvernail visits, Mrs. Baroda initially finds him dull and unremarkable. However, as they spend time together, she becomes increasingly drawn to him—emotionally and perhaps romantically. Struggling with her unexpected feelings, she decides to leave before anything inappropriate happens. When she later returns, she surprises her husband by saying she would like Gouvernail to visit again, suggesting a complex internal struggle between her role as a "respectable woman" and her repressed desires.
ReplyDeleteThe story highlights the tension between societal roles and personal emotions, a common theme in Chopin’s work.
Case Study:
ReplyDeleteA case study is a detailed examination of a real-life situation, organization, event, or individual over a period of time, used to explore causes, processes, outcomes, and lessons learned.
🔍 Definition:
A case study is a method of research or analysis that involves an in-depth, contextual investigation of a subject (the "case") to understand complex issues or relationships.
📘 Purpose of a Case Study:
• To explore real-world challenges or successes
• To analyze problems and how they were solved
• To draw lessons for future decision-making
• To apply theory to practice in fields like business, management, healthcare, law, etc.
🧱 Typical Structure of a Case Study:
• Title/Introduction: Brief overview of the topic or organization.
• Background: Context, history, or relevant facts.
• Problem Statement: What challenge or issue was faced?
• Analysis: What caused the problem? What dynamics were involved?
• Actions Taken: What solutions or interventions were applied?
• Results: What changed? Were the actions successful?
• Conclusion/Lessons Learned: Insights gained and recommendations.
📌 Example Types of Case Studies:
TypeFocus Area ExampleBusinessCommunication failure in a corporate mergerHealthcarePatient treatment response over timeEducationA school improving student performanceLegalA precedent-setting court casePsychologyA patient's behavior under therapy
📚 In Managerial Communication:
A case study might examine:
• How a manager’s poor communication caused project failure
• How a leadership team resolved a crisis through transparent messaging
• The impact of cross-cultural communication in a multinational team
Case Study: Multicultural Communication for a Manager in Nepal
ReplyDeleteTitle: Bridging Cultures – A Nepali Manager’s Experience with a Diverse Remote Team
Background
Prakash Shrestha is a project manager at a Kathmandu-based software development firm, HimalTech Solutions, which recently secured a contract with an international NGO. The project involves collaboration with team members and stakeholders from Nepal, the USA, the UK, the Philippines, and Kenya. The work is remote and deadline-driven, focused on developing a disaster risk management platform.
Though Prakash has managed local teams effectively, this is his first experience leading a multicultural, global team.
Key Issues
• Cultural Perceptions of Time and Deadlines
Prakash is used to Nepal’s more flexible, polychronic time culture. However, UK and US team members emphasize strict deadlines, punctuality, and calendar adherence.
• Communication Barriers
While English is the common working language, differences in accent, idioms, and formality levels create miscommunication—especially between American and Nepali or Kenyan team members.
• Hierarchy and Decision-Making Styles
Prakash, following a traditional Nepali leadership style, initially avoided direct confrontation and preferred consensus. However, US and UK colleagues expected faster decision-making and more assertive leadership.
• Virtual Engagement
Filipino and Kenyan teammates were hesitant to speak up in large group calls, while Western team members dominated discussions. Nepali junior staff were reluctant to challenge ideas or ask questions due to respect for authority.
Actions Taken
• Cultural Awareness Sessions: Prakash organized short sessions where each team shared aspects of their culture, communication preferences, and work expectations.
• Communication Norms Charter: The team co-created a document outlining agreed norms—such as response times, meeting etiquette, and preferred feedback styles.
• One-on-One Check-ins: To encourage quieter team members (especially Nepali and Kenyan staff), Prakash held informal individual meetings to understand their challenges and perspectives.
• Balanced Meeting Schedule: Meetings were rotated to accommodate various time zones fairly, including early morning and late evening options on a rotating basis.
Results
• Improved Clarity and Collaboration: Clearer communication norms reduced misunderstandings and improved inter-team trust.
• Greater Inclusion: Junior and culturally reserved team members became more vocal and confident, knowing their input was valued.
• On-Time Delivery: With enhanced collaboration and accountability, the team met their milestones without delays.
Lessons Learned
• Being a manager in a multicultural setting requires adapting one’s leadership style to fit the team, not just the local context.
• Creating a space where every voice is heard sometimes means stepping back from traditional authority roles.
• Cross-cultural understanding is not a one-time task—it’s an ongoing process of learning and adjustment.
Discussion Questions
• How can Nepali managers lead confidently while adapting to international expectations?
• What cultural communication habits (e.g., indirectness, deference to authority) could be both a strength and a challenge in global teams?
• How can small firms in Nepal better prepare their managers for multicultural leadership roles?
Title: The Respectable Woman
ReplyDeleteAuthor: Kate Chopin
Genre: Short story
Setting: A house in the countryside, probably in Louisiana, USA.
Full Summary with Development Stages
1. Exposition (Introduction)
Mrs. Baroda is a respectable and proper woman, married to Gaston Baroda. She lives a quiet and comfortable life. One day, her husband tells her that his friend Gouvernail will visit them for a week. Mrs. Baroda is not happy because she prefers peaceful company and is not interested in entertaining someone she does not know. She expects Gouvernail to be boring or disagreeable.
2. Rising Action
When Gouvernail arrives, Mrs. Baroda is surprised. He is not what she expected. He is calm, gentle, and speaks little. He likes to walk alone and sit in silence. Over time, she begins to like him. She enjoys listening to him talk quietly and thoughtfully, though she still cannot understand everything about him.
But soon, she feels confused. She starts to feel emotionally and physically attracted to Gouvernail, which makes her feel guilty and uncomfortable because she is a loyal and "respectable" woman.
3. Climax
One evening, Mrs. Baroda sits next to Gouvernail outside and listens to him talk. She feels strong emotions and has an internal struggle. She wants to touch him or confess her feelings, but she controls herself. She does not act on her desire because she wants to remain a "respectable woman." This is the turning point of the story—her battle between desire and duty.
4. Falling Action
After this emotional conflict, Mrs. Baroda decides to go away for a while to her aunt’s house. She wants to calm down and control her feelings. She does not tell her husband the real reason for going away.
5. Resolution (Ending)
Later, Mrs. Baroda returns home. One day, she surprises her husband by saying that Gouvernail should visit again. Her husband is pleased. She smiles and says, “I have overcome everything and I can now be very nice to him.” The ending is ironic, as it is not clear whether she has truly overcome her feelings or is just pretending.
Themes:
• Inner conflict between desire and duty
• Role of women in society (expectations of being "respectable")
• Self-control and repression
• Irony and ambiguity in human emotions
Main Characters:
• Mrs. Baroda – The main character, a respectable, thoughtful woman dealing with her emotions.
• Gaston Baroda – Her husband, friendly and trusting.
• Gouvernail – Gaston’s friend, calm, quiet, and unaware of Mrs. Baroda's feelings.
Message of the Story:
The story explores how women, especially in the past, were expected to behave properly even if it meant hiding their true feelings. It shows that even respectable people have complex emotions, but society expects them to hide those feelings to keep their reputation.
Understanding the Text (Literal Comprehension)
ReplyDelete• Who is the central character in the story "A Respectable Woman"?
• Why is Mrs. Baroda upset by the news of Gouvernail's visit?
• What kind of relationship do Mrs. Baroda and Gouvernail share during his stay?
• What internal conflict does Mrs. Baroda experience in the story?
• What decision does Mrs. Baroda make at the end of the story?
• How does Mr. Baroda describe his friend Gouvernail?
Interpretation (Critical Thinking & Inference)
• What is the meaning of the title "A Respectable Woman"? Who is meant by a "respectable woman" in the story?
• What does the story suggest about women’s roles and expectations in society?
• How does Kate Chopin present the theme of repression of desires in the story?
• Why doesn’t Mrs. Baroda act on her feelings toward Gouvernail?
• How does the story reflect the idea of self-control and moral obligation?
Analyzing the Text (Language & Style)
• How does the writer use third-person limited narration to present Mrs. Baroda’s inner conflict?
• What literary devices (like irony or symbolism) are used in the story?
Opinion-Based/Discussion Questions
• Do you think Mrs. Baroda is truly a “respectable woman”? Why or why not?
• What would you have done if you were in Mrs. Baroda's situation?
• Is Gouvernail responsible in any way for Mrs. Baroda’s feelings?
Understanding the Text (Literal Comprehension)
ReplyDelete1. Who is the central character in the story "A Respectable Woman"?
The central character is Mrs. Baroda, a woman who struggles internally with unexpected feelings toward her husband’s friend.
2. Why is Mrs. Baroda upset by the news of Gouvernail's visit?
She is upset because she had expected to spend quiet time with her husband alone and didn’t want to be bothered by guests. She also had a preconceived idea of Gouvernail, imagining him to be uninteresting.
3. What kind of relationship do Mrs. Baroda and Gouvernail share during his stay?
Their relationship is formal and reserved. However, Mrs. Baroda becomes internally conflicted as she feels an emotional and physical attraction to Gouvernail, though nothing improper happens between them.
4. What internal conflict does Mrs. Baroda experience in the story?
Mrs. Baroda struggles between her desire for Gouvernail and her sense of duty, morality, and social expectations as a respectable married woman.
5. What decision does Mrs. Baroda make at the end of the story?
At the end of the story, Mrs. Baroda decides to invite Gouvernail again, suggesting she has regained control over her feelings or is perhaps ready to confront them in a more self-assured way.
6. How does Mr. Baroda describe his friend Gouvernail?
Mr. Baroda describes Gouvernail as a gentle, inoffensive, intelligent man who prefers quietness and does not talk much, which he finds refreshing and comforting.
Interpretation (Critical Thinking & Inference)
1. What is the meaning of the title "A Respectable Woman"? Who is meant by a "respectable woman" in the story?
The title refers to Mrs. Baroda, who is expected to uphold the moral standards and behavior of a proper married woman. Despite feeling a strong attraction toward Gouvernail, she chooses not to act on it, thus maintaining her respectability in society.
2. What does the story suggest about women’s roles and expectations in society?
The story suggests that women are expected to be loyal, morally upright, and emotionally controlled. Society limits women’s personal desires and promotes the ideal of the “respectable woman” who sacrifices her feelings for the sake of reputation and duty.
3. How does Kate Chopin present the theme of repression of desires in the story?
Through Mrs. Baroda’s character, Chopin presents a woman who feels a strong emotional and possibly physical attraction to another man but suppresses her desires in order to fit the societal image of a respectable wife.
4. Why doesn’t Mrs. Baroda act on her feelings toward Gouvernail?
She refrains because of her strong sense of morality, duty to her husband, and social norms. Acting on her feelings would go against the image of a faithful and respectable woman, something she deeply values.
5. How does the story reflect the idea of self-control and moral obligation?
The story shows that Mrs. Baroda chooses self-control over temptation. Even though she is deeply conflicted, she ultimately makes the moral decision, demonstrating how personal desires are often suppressed for the sake of duty and reputation.
Analyzing the Text (Language & Style)
1. How does the writer use third-person limited narration to present Mrs. Baroda’s inner conflict?
The story is told in third-person limited point of view, focusing closely on Mrs. Baroda’s thoughts and emotions. This allows the readers to understand her private turmoil and unspoken feelings while keeping Gouvernail’s thoughts unknown, which adds mystery and emotional tension.
2. What literary devices (like irony or symbolism) are used in the story?
The story uses:
• Irony: Although she is called a “respectable woman,” she secretly struggles with feelings that challenge that very respectability.
• Symbolism: The garden and night scenes symbolize temptation and emotional confusion.
• Foreshadowing: Her discomfort hints early on at the deeper emotional conflict to come.
Summary of “The Case Against Air Conditioning” – Stan Cox
ReplyDeleteStan Cox, in his thought-provoking essay, criticizes the overuse of air conditioning (AC), especially in countries like the United States. He argues that while AC provides comfort, its widespread and unnecessary use has serious environmental, social, and economic consequences.
Main Points:
• Environmental Harm:
ACs consume a large amount of electricity, much of which is generated from fossil fuels. This leads to increased carbon emissions and contributes to global warming, creating a vicious cycle—the hotter it gets, the more AC we use, which in turn worsens climate change.
• Social Disconnection:
Cox explains that in the past, people used to interact more with their neighbors in the evenings. Now, due to AC, people stay indoors in closed spaces, making society less sociable and more isolated.
• Wasteful Consumption:
The essay criticizes the unnecessary use of AC in offices, malls, and homes, even when it is not extremely hot. This overuse increases energy bills and puts pressure on energy resources.
• Alternative Solutions:
Cox encourages the use of natural cooling methods, such as using fans, building houses with proper ventilation, planting trees, and changing work hours to avoid the heat of the day.
• Not Against Essential Use:
He clarifies that he is not completely against air conditioning. He agrees that AC is necessary in hospitals, elderly homes, or during heatwaves, but it should not be used excessively for luxury.
Conclusion:
Stan Cox’s message is clear: Air conditioning should be used wisely and responsibly. Instead of depending too much on AC, we should adopt more sustainable and community-friendly ways to stay cool. This not only helps the environment but also improves our quality of life.
What is a Prefix?
ReplyDeleteA prefix is a group of letters added at the beginning of a word to change its meaning. It is not a complete word on its own, but when attached to a root word, it creates a new word with a different meaning.
Examples of Prefixes and Their Meanings:
PrefixMeaningExampleNew Word Meaningun-notunhappynot happyre-againrewritewrite againpre-beforepreschoolbefore school startsdis-opposite of / notdisagreenot agreemis-wronglymisspellspell wronglyin-notincompletenot completeim-notimpossiblenot possibleover-too muchovereateat too much
Key Points:
• Prefixes modify the meaning of the base word.
• They are always placed at the beginning of a word.
• Prefixes do not stand alone as words.
Some More Examples:
• Unfair = un (not) + fair → not fair
• Replay = re (again) + play → play again
• Impossible = im (not) + possible → not possible
• Dislike = dis (not) + like → not like
🔹 1. Pre- (before)
• Preview
• Preheat
• Prepaid
• Preplan
• Preschool
• Pretest
• Prearrange
• Preorder
• Prehistoric
• Prewrite
🔹 2. Semi- (half, partly)
• Semicircle
• Semifinal
• Semicolon
• Semisweet
• Semiannual
• Semiconscious
• Semiformal
• Semiconductor
• Semiliterate
• Semidetached
🔹 3. Sub- (under, below)
• Submarine
• Subway
• Substandard
• Submerge
• Subheading
• Subcontinent
• Subtract
• Subsection
• Substitute
• Subconscious
🔹 4. Mis- (wrong, badly)
• Misunderstand
• Misplace
• Mislead
• Misbehave
• Misuse
• Misprint
• Mistake
• Misjudge
• Misinform
• Misread
🔹 5. Mono- (one, single)
• Monologue
• Monotone
• Monorail
• Monopoly
• Monograph
• Monolingual
• Monochrome
• Monogamy
• Monoculture
• Monocle
🔹 6. Un- (not)
• Unhappy
• Unkind
• Unfair
• Unusual
• Unclear
• Unimportant
• Unfinished
• Unfriendly
• Untidy
• Unlucky
🔹 7. In- (not)
• Inactive
• Incomplete
• Inaccurate
• Insecure
• Inedible
• Invisible
• Indirect
• Insincere
• Inappropriate
• Inflexible
🔹 8. Inter- (between, among)
• International
• Internet
• Interact
• Interfere
• Interlock
• Interconnect
• Interview
• Interchange
• Interpret
• Intersection
The Importance of Family
ReplyDeleteFamily is the most valuable part of our lives. It is where we first learn to speak, walk, love, and live. For me, family is important because it gives me love, support, and a sense of belonging. No matter what happens in life, my family stands by my side. They celebrate my success and guide me through my failures. Without my family, I would feel lost and alone.
Family is also very important for society. A strong family builds a strong community. Families teach children good manners, responsibility, and respect for others. These values help make society peaceful and cooperative. When families are caring and united, the entire society benefits. On the other hand, if families are broken or full of conflict, society can face problems like crime, loneliness, and a lack of moral values.
In the future, I think families may change in size and structure. Today, many families are smaller, with fewer children. Some people may live far from their parents or choose not to marry. Technology may also affect family life. People may spend more time online and less time together. However, I believe the emotional need for love and connection will always keep families important.
In conclusion, family is the foundation of both personal happiness and a healthy society. It shapes our identity, teaches us values, and supports us in every stage of life. Even as families change in the future, their importance will remain the same because everyone needs love, care, and a place to belong.
Summary of "A Day" by Emily Dickinson:
ReplyDeleteEmily Dickinson’s poem “A Day” describes the progression of a day from sunrise to sunset, using vivid and symbolic imagery. At first, the poet portrays the morning in bright and cheerful terms. She describes the sun rising with beautiful metaphors like the “ribbons at the church” and “steeples swam in amethyst”, giving a sense of innocence and wonder.
As the day unfolds, children go about their activities, and the world comes alive with light and color. However, in the latter part of the poem, the tone shifts as the day ends. The sunset is described as mysterious, almost eerie, and the speaker refers to the end of the day as entering “the dominie in gray”—a symbol of death or the unknown.
The poem moves from clarity to ambiguity, representing life’s journey from birth (sunrise) to death (sunset). The speaker admits that while she can describe what happens during the day, she doesn’t fully understand what comes after, hinting at the mystery of the afterlife.
Key Themes:
• Innocence and experience
• Cycle of life and death
• Mystery of the afterlife
• Beauty of nature
Stanza-wise summary of the poem "A Day" by Emily Dickinson:
ReplyDeleteStanza 1:
"I’ll tell you how the Sun rose —
A Ribbon at a time —
The Steeples swam in Amethyst —
The news like Squirrels ran —"
Summary:
The poet begins by describing a beautiful sunrise. The sunlight appears gradually, like ribbons spreading in the sky. Church steeples seem to glow purple (amethyst), and the arrival of the day is so exciting that it spreads quickly, like squirrels running—symbolizing fast-moving news or energy.
Stanza 2:
"The Hills untied their Bonnets —
The Bobolinks — begun —
Then I said softly to myself —
'That must have been the Sun!'"
Summary:
As the sun rises, the hills seem to "untie their bonnets," suggesting that nature is waking up and revealing itself. Birds (bobolinks) begin to sing. The speaker, in awe, quietly concludes that all this beauty must be because the sun has risen.
Stanza 3:
"But how he set — I know not —
There seemed a purple stile
Which little Yellow boys and girls
Were climbing all the while —"
Summary:
While the speaker understands how the sun rises, she admits she does not know how it sets. The sunset is described as a "purple stile" (a kind of step or barrier), and children (perhaps symbolic of souls or innocence) are seen climbing it, as if crossing from the known world to the unknown.
Stanza 4:
"Till when they reached the other side,
A Dominie in Gray —
Put gently up the evening Bars —
And led the flock away —"
Summary:
Once the children (or souls) reach the other side, a "Dominie in Gray" (a teacher or spiritual guide, possibly representing death or God) appears. He gently closes the gates (evening bars) and leads the “flock” away—suggesting the peaceful transition from life to death.
Overall Message:
The poem symbolically represents the journey of life—from sunrise (birth) to sunset (death). While the day (life) is described with clarity and color, the end (death or afterlife) remains mysterious but peaceful.
Some specific rules:
ReplyDelete1. Each
Use: Refers to individual items in a group separately.
Followed directly by a singular noun.
Examples:
• Each student received a certificate.
(Individual attention to every student.)
• Each book on the shelf is expensive.
(Talking about books one by one.)
• Each child was given a balloon.
(Every child individually.)
• Each apple is fresh and juicy.
(Referring to apples one by one.)
• Each door leads to a different room.
(Every single door, separately.)
2. Each of
Use: Refers to individual items in a group, but used before plural nouns or pronouns (like them, us, you).
Followed by "the," "my," "these," etc. + plural noun or pronoun.
Examples:
• Each of the students passed the test.
(All students, considered individually.)
• Each of my friends has a bike.
(Talking about every friend separately.)
• Each of these apples is red.
(Focusing on each apple in the group.)
• Each of them was present.
(Individual attention to every person in "them.")
• Each of the questions was difficult.
(All questions, treated one by one.)
3. Every
Use: Refers to all members of a group collectively.
Used with singular countable nouns only.
Examples:
• Every student must attend the class.
(All students, as a group.)
• Every house on this street is painted white.
(All houses, no exception.)
• Every day brings a new opportunity.
(Talking about all days in general.)
• Every teacher was invited to the meeting.
(Refers to all teachers collectively.)
• Every book in the library was damaged by water.
(All books, considered together.)
Use f "Much", "Many" ,"little"," few" and "a few"
ReplyDelete1. Much
Use: With uncountable nouns (things you can't count: water, money, sugar, time, etc.)
Meaning: A large amount
Examples:
• There isn't much water in the bottle.
• She doesn't have much money.
• I don't have much time to study.
• How much sugar do you need?
• He didn’t show much interest in the topic.
2. Many
Use: With countable nouns (plural)
Meaning: A large number
Examples:
• There are many students in the classroom.
• She has many friends.
• How many books do you read every year?
• I saw many birds in the park.
• Many people like to travel.
3. Little
Use: With uncountable nouns
Meaning: Almost none; not enough (negative tone)
Examples:
• There is little hope of success.
• I had little time to finish the work.
• He has little interest in studies.
• We have little milk left in the fridge.
• They showed little concern for the issue.
4. A few
Use: With countable nouns (plural)
Meaning: Some, but not many (positive tone)
Examples:
• I have a few friends in this town.
• She made a few mistakes, but improved.
• We took a few photos at the event.
• A few students were late.
• I’ll ask a few questions.
5. Few
Use: With countable nouns (plural)
Meaning: Not many; almost none (negative tone)
Examples:
• Few people attended the meeting.
• He has few ideas to share.
• There were few buses available.
• Few students understood the topic.
• I read few books last month.
Specific Rules:
ReplyDelete1. Each
Used before a singular noun to refer to individual items in a group, one at a time.
Focus: Individual members of a group.
Examples:
• Each student was given a certificate.
• Each apple on the tree is ripe.
• Each teacher has a different teaching style.
• Each question must be answered carefully.
• Each child received a gift.
2. Each of
Used before plural nouns or pronouns (e.g., the, these, those, my + plural noun, them, us).
Refers to individuals/items within a group.
Examples:
• Each of the students passed the exam.
• Each of my friends came to the party.
• Each of these pens is expensive.
• Each of them got a chance to speak.
• Each of the books was interesting.
3. Every
Used before singular countable nouns.
Refers to all members of a group considered together.
Focus: The group as a whole.
Examples:
• Every student in the class must attend.
• Every house on this street has a garden.
• Every day brings a new challenge.
• Every child needs love and care.
• Every question was answered correctly.
A lot of people try to get away from home for a few days each year for a holiday. There are a lot of things to choose from, and where you go depends on how much money you have got to spend. Ideas for holidays include relaxing on a beach, exploring cities, and skiing. One man wanted to go to Australia but thought he'd never have enough money to get there. He will go to his brother's caravan at the seaside instead. A young woman wanted to go clubbing in Ibiza, as she'd heard it's a lot of fun.
ReplyDeleteArgentina Beat Brazil to Win Copa America
ReplyDeleteby Reuters
RIO DE JANEIRO, July 10 – Argentina clinched their first major title in 28 years by defeating Brazil 1-0 in the final of the Copa America. The victory marked a historic moment as it was the first international medal for Lionel Messi in a blue-and-white shirt.
The winning goal came from Ángel Di María, who scored in the first half to give Argentina a narrow but crucial lead. Despite intense pressure from Brazil, especially in the second half where they played more aggressively, they were unable to find an equalizer.
This victory earned Argentina their 15th Copa America title, equaling Brazil's record. Argentina's defense was outstanding throughout the match, effectively neutralizing Brazil’s attacking threats and securing the win.
The triumph was celebrated widely, not just for the title, but for finally giving Messi a long-awaited international trophy.
In Favour of Hosting International Sports Events
ReplyDeleteInternational sports events like the FIFA World Cup, the Olympics, and the Cricket World Cup are more than just competitions—they are global celebrations of unity, talent, and culture. While some argue that hosting such events brings more problems than benefits, I firmly believe that hosting an international sports event brings significant advantages to a country, both in the short term and long term.
Firstly, hosting an international sports event boosts the economy. The inflow of tourists, athletes, officials, and media personnel leads to increased business for hotels, restaurants, transport services, and local vendors. The demand for services creates thousands of temporary and permanent jobs, helping to reduce unemployment and improve living standards. For example, when South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, it created over 130,000 jobs and boosted the country’s GDP.
Secondly, these events offer an excellent opportunity to develop infrastructure. Roads, airports, stadiums, hospitals, and public transport systems are upgraded to meet international standards. Even after the event ends, citizens continue to benefit from these improvements. A better infrastructure also attracts future investment and tourism.
Another major benefit is international exposure. Hosting a major event puts the host country in the global spotlight. This helps to promote the country’s image, culture, and tourism industry. People around the world get a chance to learn about the host country’s traditions, values, and natural beauty. Countries like Qatar, Brazil, and Russia have used international sports events to improve their global reputation.
Social unity and national pride are also strengthened. When a country hosts an event, people from different regions and communities come together to support their teams and celebrate as one nation. This builds a sense of belonging and unity among citizens. The younger generation also gets inspired by the sports stars they watch, leading to greater interest in sports and healthy lifestyles.
Of course, hosting an international event comes with challenges. It requires massive investment, and if not managed properly, it can lead to debt and unused facilities. Some events have caused environmental damage and forced people to move from their homes. However, with proper planning, transparency, and sustainability measures, these risks can be minimized.
For example, countries can build eco-friendly stadiums, reuse existing venues, and involve local communities in planning. Partnerships with private companies can help share the cost. Countries like Germany and Japan have shown how to successfully manage both the event and the budget.
In conclusion, although there are some potential risks, the benefits of hosting international sports events outweigh the problems. It is a chance to grow the economy, modernize infrastructure, unite the people, and promote the nation globally. With proper management and vision, hosting such events can be a source of pride, progress, and long-term development for any country.
Let me know if you'd like the same essay written against hosting sports events as well, or if you want to use this for classroom purposes.
Specific Rules:
ReplyDeleteAlthough / Though
In spite of / Despite
These are often confused, but they have different grammatical structures:
1. Although / Though
• They are conjunctions.
• Used to connect two clauses (subject + verb).
• They show contrast between the two clauses.
• Meaning: even if, however, despite the fact that.
Structure:
Although / Though + [subject + verb], [main clause]
Examples:
• Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
• Though he is very rich, he lives a simple life.
• She passed the exam, although she didn’t study much.
• I enjoyed the film, though it was too long. (Though can also be used at the end as an informal contrast)
2. In spite of / Despite
• They are prepositions.
• Followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (verb+ing), NOT a clause.
• Also show contrast.
Structure:
In spite of / Despite + noun / pronoun / gerund
Examples:
• In spite of the rain, we went for a walk.
• Despite his wealth, he lives a simple life.
• She passed the exam despite not studying much.
• In spite of feeling tired, she finished the work.
• Use Although/Though if the next part has a verb:
Although it was late, he called me.
• Use In spite of/Despite if the next part is a noun or gerund:
Despite the late hour, he called me.
Grammar
ReplyDeleteA. Study the following sentences and underline the connectives.
a. Although she spoke very fast, I understood what she meant to say.
b. In spite of her hard labour, she failed her exam.
c. Though he had all the required qualifications, he did not get the job.
d. Despite having all the qualifications, he did not get the job.
B. Join the following pairs of sentences twice, using although/though/even though and despite/in spite of as in the example.
a. He is a millionaire. He lives in a simple house.
– Although he is a millionaire, he lives in a simple house.
– Despite of being a millionaire, he lives in a simple house.
b. The weather was extremely bad. The pilot landed the plane safely.
– In spite of extremely bad weather, the pilot landed the plane safely.
– Although the weather was extremely bad, the pilot landed the plane safely.
c. We study in the same college. We hardly see each other.
– Despite studying in the same college, we hardly see each other.
– Although we study in the same college, we hardly see each other.
d. It rained heavily. We enjoyed our holiday.
– Although it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
– In spite of the heavy rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
e. I had an umbrella. I got wet in the rain.
– Despite having an umbrella, I got wet in the rain.
– Although I had an umbrella, I got wet in the rain.
f. I was really tired. I could not sleep for a moment.
– Although I was really tired, I could not sleep for a moment.
– I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired.
g. She has a very good accent in English. She failed the interview of a newsreader.
– Despite having a very good accent in English, she failed the interview of a newsreader.
– Although she has a very good accent in English, she failed the interview of a newsreader.
h. Lhasa has extremely cold weather in winter. Millions of tourists go there in January.
– Millions of tourists go to Lhasa in January, even though it has extremely cold weather in winter.
– Despite having extremely cold weather in winter, millions of tourists go to Lhasa in January.
i. He was badly injured in the first round of the boxing match. He was victorious in the third round.
– In spite of being badly injured in the first round of the boxing match, he was victorious in the third round.
– Although he was badly injured in the first round of the boxing match, he was victorious in the third round.
Key Differences and Usage:
ReplyDeleteMeaning:
Both express contrast, indicating that something happened or is true despite a challenging or opposing factor.
Structure:
They are typically followed by a noun, a gerund, or a noun phrase.
Noun: "Despite the rain, we had a great time."
Gerund: "In spite of feeling tired, she went to the party."
Noun Phrase: "Despite his lack of experience, he got the job."
"Despite" vs. "In Spite Of":
"Despite" is a single word, while "in spite of" is a three-word phrase. While both are generally interchangeable, "despite" can be seen as slightly more formal.
"Despite the fact that" or "In Spite of the fact that":
When you want to use a subject and verb after these phrases, you need to add "the fact that". For example, "Despite the fact that it was late, they continued working."
Examples:
"She completed the marathon in spite of her injury."
"Despite the challenges, they managed to reach the summit."
"He enjoyed the movie in spite of the bad reviews."
"Despite the fact that it was raining, they went for a walk."
B. Join the following pairs of sentences twice, using although/though/even though and despite/in spite of/as.
ReplyDeleteb. He is a millionaire. He lives in a simple house.
i. Although he is a millionaire, he lives in a simple house.
ii. He lives in a simple house in spite of being a millionaire.
c. The weather was extremely bad. The pilot landed the plane safely.
i. Although the weather was extremely bad, the pilot landed the plane safely.
ii. The pilot landed the plane safely in spite of the extremely bad weather.
d. We study in the same college. We hardly see each other.
i. Although we study in the same college, we hardly see each other.
ii. We hardly see each other in spite of studying in the same college.
e. It rained heavily. We enjoyed our holiday.
i. Although it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
ii. We enjoyed our holiday in spite of the heavy rain.
f. I had an umbrella. I got wet in the rain.
i. Although I had an umbrella, I got wet in the rain.
ii. I got wet in the rain in spite of having an umbrella.
g. I was really tired. I could not sleep a moment.
i. Although I was really tired, I could not sleep a moment.
ii. I could not sleep a moment in spite of being really tired.
h. She has very good accent in English. She failed the interview of a newsreader.
i. Although she has a very good accent in English, she failed the interview of a newsreader.
ii. She failed the interview of a newsreader in spite of having a very good accent in English.
i. Lhasa has extremely cold weather in winter. Millions of tourists go there in January.
i. Although Lhasa has extremely cold weather in winter, millions of tourists go there in January.
ii. Millions of tourists go there in January in spite of the extremely cold weather in winter.
j. He was badly injured in the first round of the boxing match. He was victorious in the third round.
i. Although he was badly injured in the first round of the boxing match, he was victorious in the third round.
ii. He was victorious in the third round in spite of being badly injured in the first round.
C. Complete each sentence in an appropriate way.
a. He passed the exam although he was sick.
b. She climbed the mountain in spite of her old age.
c. He did not give any alms to the beggars even though they were very poor.
d. In spite of his poor eyesight, he reads a lot.
e. He continued playing in spite of his ten attempts.
f. He refused to eat anything despite being hungry.
g. He could not score good grades in the SEE exams in spite of studying hard.
h. She accepted the job although it was very far from her house.
i. Even though we had planned everything carefully, we missed the train.
Tips for Writing an Autobiography
ReplyDelete1. Plan before you write
• Think about what you want to include: important dates, places, people, and events.
• Make a short outline following the given guidelines (e.g., birth, family, school life, daily routine, special events).
2. Write in first person
• Use “I,” “my,” and “we.”
Example: “I was born in…”
3. Start with basic details
• Begin with your date and place of birth, then describe your family background.
4. Add details about your daily life
• Write what your days were like as a child—school, playing, hobbies, or helping at home.
5. Describe your school life
• Mention your school name, favorite subjects, teachers, and any achievements.
6. Share special memories or events
• Include a happy, funny, or important event from childhood that shaped you.
7. Be honest and simple
• Use simple, clear language. Write what really happened and what you truly felt.
8. Keep it organized
• Use short paragraphs for each topic (birth, family, daily life, school, special event).
9. Add feelings and reflections
• Say how you felt then and what those memories mean to you now.
10. End with a conclusion
• Wrap up by saying how your childhood shaped who you are today.
Write a short autobiography featuring your childhood life using the following guidelines.
ReplyDeleteMy Childhood Autobiography
I was born on March 15, 2008, in a small town called Jitpursimara, located in the Bara district of Nepal. My family is a middle-class family rooted in traditional values. My father is a teacher, and my mother is a homemaker. I also have an elder sister who has always guided and supported me.
My daily life during childhood was simple yet full of joy. I used to wake up early, help my mother with small household chores, and then get ready for school. After school, I played with my friends in the nearby field and did my homework in the evening.
I started my school life at Brighter Academy, where I studied from kindergarten onwards. I was an active student, always participating in school programs, sports, and quiz competitions. I loved English and Science the most.
One of the most memorable events of my childhood was when I won first prize in a speech competition during the annual school function. My parents were very proud of me, and I still remember the happiness on their faces.
My childhood was filled with love, care, and beautiful memories that I will always treasure. These moments have helped shape who I am today.
An Autobiography:
ReplyDeleteDefinition:
An autobiography is a true story of someone’s life, written by that person themselves.
Purpose:
• To share life experiences, memories, and important events.
• To reflect on one’s life journey, successes, struggles, and lessons learned.
Key features:
• Written in the first person (“I,” “my,” “we”).
• Includes real facts about the writer’s life (date of birth, family, school, work, etc.).
• Often describes childhood, family background, education, career, and special events.
Example:
“I was born in Kathmandu in 2008. My father is a teacher, and my mother is a nurse. When I was a child, I loved playing football with my friends…”
In short:
Autobiography = your life story, written by you, in your own words.
Brief summary of “Every Morning I Wake” by Dylan Thomas:
ReplyDeleteEvery morning, the poet wakes and offers a prayer not just for himself, but for everyone—both the living and the dead. Through this daily ritual, he expresses compassion and a deep desire for universal peace and comfort. The poem reflects the poet’s awareness of mortality and the shared human condition, using simple words to convey a profound hope for harmony among all souls.
The central idea of the poem “Every Morning I Wake” by Dylan Thomas:
ReplyDeleteThe poem expresses the poet’s daily act of prayerful reflection, in which he asks for peace and comfort not only for himself but for all people, both living and dead. It highlights the poet’s sense of compassion, interconnectedness of humanity, and awareness of life’s fragility. Through this simple morning ritual, the poet shows a universal longing for harmony and spiritual solace shared by all human beings.
About the poet: Dylan Thomas
ReplyDelete• Full name: Dylan Marlais Thomas
• Born: 27 October 1914, Swansea, Wales
• Died: 9 November 1953, New York City, USA
-Dylan Thomas was a celebrated Welsh poet known for his rich, musical language and powerful imagery.
-His poetry often explores themes like nature, childhood, death, and the passage of time.
-Some of his famous works include:
• Do not go gentle into that good night
• Fern Hill
• And death shall have no dominion
-Besides poetry, he also wrote short stories, radio plays (notably Under Milk Wood), and prose.
-Thomas had a distinctive style, marked by emotional intensity and lyrical beauty, making his work widely admired and memorable.
Specific Rules of Subject–Verb Agreement
ReplyDeleteRule 1: Singular subjects take singular verbs; plural subjects take plural verbs
• He runs fast. (singular subject → singular verb)
• They run fast. (plural subject → plural verb)
Rule 2: Subjects joined by ‘and’ usually take a plural verb
• John and Mary are coming.
Exception: If the two parts refer to the same person/thing or form a single idea, use a singular verb:
• Bread and butter is my breakfast.
• The poet and philosopher is dead. (referring to the same person)
Rule 3: Subjects joined by ‘or’, ‘either...or’, ‘neither...nor’ take a verb that agrees with the nearer subject
• Neither the teacher nor the students are present. (students → plural)
• Either the boys or the girl is coming. (girl → singular)
Rule 4: Words like ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘everyone’, ‘someone’, ‘anyone’, ‘nobody’, ‘everybody’, etc., are singular
• Each of the students is ready.
• Everybody loves music.
Rule 5: ‘A number of’ vs. ‘The number of’
• A number of students are absent. (means many students)
• The number of students is large. (focuses on the total number)
Rule 6: Collective nouns can take singular or plural verbs depending on meaning
• The team is winning. (considered as a single unit)
• The team are fighting among themselves. (considered as individuals)
Rule 7: Uncountable nouns always take singular verbs
• Milk is good for health.
• Honesty is the best policy.
Rule 8: Titles of books, movies, or countries take singular verbs
• The United States is a large country.
• “The Lord of the Rings” is my favorite book.
Rule 9: Amounts of time, money, distance, weight usually take singular verbs
• Ten rupees is a small amount.
• Five kilometers is a long walk.
Rule 10: When ‘one of’ is used, the verb agrees with the noun that follows
• One of my friends is coming.
B. Rewrite the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the
ReplyDeletebrackets.
a.
The invitation is for one person. I don’t mind whether you or she (come)
to the party.
b.
Neither the MPs nor the Prime Minister (have) felt regret for the party split.
c.
I don’t care whether he or she (win) the lottery.
d.
Either the Kantipur or the Republica (be) used for the advertisement.
e.
She speaks in a strange accent. Neither I nor my sister (understand) her.
f.
I forgot whether the singers or the actress (be) given the Film Fair Award
last year.
g.
Neither the tracksuit nor the pajamas (fit) me perfectly.
h.
Neither the gas fire nor the electric heaters (be) suitable for room heating.
C. This passage contains the agreement errors. Correct the subjects or verbs that
don’t agree with each other. Remember to use present tense in your corrections.
Within the state of Arizona, Rob, along with his family, move frequently, from city
to city. After his arrival, one of his first tasks are to find an apartment close to work
as he do not have a car. Usually, there is many different places to choose from, and
he consider cost, location, and luxury. If one apartment has a washing machine and
dryer and cost four hundred dollars a month, he prefer to rent it over another apartment
which have significantly less rent located two blocks from a Laundromat. Rob's family
never wants to live in an apartment on the thirteenth floor since all of them fears
heights. He also try to choose an apartment with landlords recommended by former
tenants. Everybody know that it is important to find a responsible landlord. Rob and
his wife loves to cook together when both is free, so he need a spacious, well-equipped
kitchen. Rob often also look for a place with an air conditioner because there is so
many scorching days and nights in Arizona. Whenever Rob find a new apartment, all
of his concerns disappears. He feel relieved and call his mother. Someone understands!
Word Classes:
ReplyDelete1. Nouns (names of people, places, things, ideas)
• book
• teacher
• happiness
• Kathmandu
• elephant
2. Pronouns (words that replace nouns)
• he
• she
• it
• they
• we
3. Verbs (action or state words)
• run
• write
• think
• is
• build
4. Adjectives (words that describe nouns)
• beautiful
• tall
• red
• old
• interesting
5. Adverbs (words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs)
• quickly
• very
• silently
• always
• well
6. Prepositions (show relationship between words)
• on
• under
• between
• in
• at
7. Conjunctions (join words, phrases, or clauses)
• and
• but
• or
• because
• although
8. Interjections (short exclamations that express feelings)
• oh!
• wow!
• hey!
• ouch!
• alas!
Write the central theme of the poem' I Was My Own Route'
ReplyDeleteCentral Theme
The poem “I Was My Own Route” explores the theme of female self-liberation and empowerment. Julia de Burgos expresses her determination to break away from the traditional, patriarchal expectations imposed on women by society. She rejects the predefined paths and roles set by cultural norms and chooses instead to create her own unique path in life.
The poet highlights the struggle of freeing oneself from external constraints and the courage it takes to assert one's individuality. Through her bold declaration of independence, Burgos celebrates self-discovery, self-determination, and personal freedom as essential for authentic existence.
A short summary of the poem "I Was My Own Route"
ReplyDeleteIn the poem, the speaker reflects on her decision to reject the traditional path set by society for women. Instead of following those imposed roles and expectations, she chooses to create her own path, even though it is lonely and challenging. She asserts her independence and celebrates her journey of self-discovery and freedom, showing courage to be true to herself despite societal pressures.
Summary
ReplyDelete‘I Was My Own Route’ is a poem written by Julia de Burgos, a writer of Carolina. Puerto Rico, who collected the experiences of a literary writer, journalist and the freedom fighter. Her poems are full of racial and gender sentiments where she provokes the equality between male and female and the black and the white race. She has been also regarded as a contemporary Latino writer who depicts how the women are burdened with the patriarchal ideologies from the past. Therefore, de Burgos urges the women to detach themselves from the past so as to redefine their own identity.
The poem ‘I was My Own Route’ has altogether 6 stanzas. Each stanza expresses the powerful feelings of the poet who is always remaining in between masculinity and her own femininity. She begins her poem reflecting her past feelings when she wished to convert herself as the wishes of the men. In such acts, she has found a hide and seek game between her own instinct and the instinct of the patriarchal society. The same game inspired herself to move forward to investigate a new path that is totally new for all. Though it is challenging, she joyfully accepted it.
In discovering a new path, she moves alone mainly to get her internal happiness and a feeling of intimate liberation. She has described her journey to a new path beautifully where she faced a serious problem in balancing herself and the truth of the time. However, she expresses her joy in discovering a new route of her life that has no history, even she doubts for its future. Anyways she is happy enough living in the present and waiting for the response of the time. To denote this, she has repeated a line in the poem. “a game of hide and seek with my being but l was made of nows”. This refrain has captured the main essence of the poem. The poem is written in free verse and it is the perfect example of a poem of the marginalized community.
Summary of the poem “Soft Storm” by Abhi Subedi:
ReplyDeleteThe poem "Soft Storm" by Nepali poet Abhi Subedi vividly describes the poet’s experience of walking through Kathmandu during a gentle, almost tender rainstorm. This “soft storm” becomes a metaphor for the poet’s reflections on society, change, and human indifference.
As he walks, the poet observes scenes that reveal both beauty and suffering: a beggar shivering in the rain, a disfigured woman shielding herself from public gaze, a stupa crowned with pigeons, and a television broadcasting dramatic news. The gentle rain seems to soften the harsh realities around him but cannot wash them away.
The poet also reflects on inner and outer turmoil: while the rain calms the dust and heat outside, it stirs deeper thoughts and emotions within. The storm is “soft” because it does not bring destruction, yet it silently exposes social injustice, spiritual emptiness, and the poet’s own helplessness.
In the end, the poem blends observation with introspection, showing the poet’s sensitivity to his surroundings and his quiet resistance against apathy and insensitivity in society. The “soft storm” thus becomes a symbol of silent protest and deep contemplation in a restless world.
Central theme of the poem "Soft Storm" by Abhi Subedi:
ReplyDeleteThe central theme of the poem is the conflict between human insensitivity and the poet’s inner sensitivity in a rapidly changing, restless society. Through the metaphor of a gentle, almost comforting storm, the poet reflects on the contrasts of beauty and suffering, calmness and turmoil, hope and despair that he observes around him.
The “soft storm” represents a subtle but powerful inner awakening and silent protest against social injustice, apathy, and moral decay. While the world seems busy and indifferent—even during a calming rain—the poet’s heart feels deeply for the poor, the marginalized, and the spiritual emptiness he witnesses.
In essence, the poem highlights how external calmness (soft rain) can stir internal turbulence, making us question human values, societal change, and our own responses to suffering and injustice. The poet’s sensitivity stands in quiet resistance to the harshness and indifference of the world.
Main Crux (essence) of the poem "Soft Storm" by Abhi Subedi in simple words:
ReplyDelete-While walking in a soft, calming rain, the poet observes scenes of human suffering, indifference, and social injustice around him.
-The “soft storm” becomes a symbol of his silent protest and deep inner sensitivity to these realities.
- Although the rain calms the dust outside, it awakens emotions and reflections inside the poet, highlighting the contrast between a restless, insensitive society and his own compassionate heart.
- Ultimately, the poem expresses the idea that even small, quiet moments (like soft rain) can inspire deep awareness and quiet resistance against the harshness and apathy of the world.
Summary of "Corona Says"
ReplyDeleteThe poem “Corona Says” is written in free verse from the perspective of the coronavirus itself. In the poem, Corona speaks directly to human beings, explaining that it did not come to the earth on its own, but was invited and spread by human activities.
Corona criticizes humans for their selfishness, exploitation of nature, and endless greed that led to environmental destruction. It says that its arrival has forced humans to stop and reflect on their actions: closing factories, emptying streets, and grounding airplanes. Through this pause, nature is able to heal — rivers become cleaner, the air becomes fresher, and animals reclaim spaces once lost to human encroachment.
The poem warns that if humans do not learn from this experience and continue harming nature, more disasters may follow. Corona’s ultimate message is that humans must live in harmony with nature and respect the limits of the environment to ensure a sustainable future.
Central Theme:
ReplyDeleteThe poem centers on the consequences of human greed, exploitation of nature, and environmental destruction. Through the voice of the coronavirus, the poem reminds us that humanity’s selfish actions have led to ecological imbalance and suffering.
Corona’s arrival serves as a warning and an opportunity for self-reflection: it forces humans to pause, reconsider their ways, and realize the importance of living in harmony with nature. The poet conveys that unless humans learn to respect natural limits and live sustainably, similar crises may continue to threaten the world.
In short:
The central theme highlights the need for ecological balance, sustainable living, and respect for nature to protect life on Earth.
Corona Says" कविताको सारांश (नेपालीमा)
ReplyDelete"Corona Says" कवितामा कोरोनाभाइरसले नै आफ्ना विचार व्यक्त गर्छ। कोरोना भन्छ कि आफू आफैं यहाँ आएको होइन, मान्छेहरूले आफ्नो स्वार्थ, लोभ र प्रकृतिप्रतिको निर्दय व्यवहारका कारण आफैंलाई बोलाए । मान्छेहरूले निरन्तर उद्योग, यातायात, र अन्य गतिविधिबाट पृथ्वीलाई प्रदूषित गर्दै वातावरण बिगारेका छन्।
कोरोना आउँदा संसारभरि उद्योग, बाटो, विमानस्थल आदि बन्द भए, जसका कारण वातावरण सफा भयो, नदीहरू स्वच्छ भए, र जनावरहरू फेरि स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक घुम्न पाए।
कविताले मान्छेलाई चेतावनी दिन्छ कि यदि उनीहरूले अझै पनि आफ्नो आचरण परिवर्तन गरेनन् भने भविष्यमा अझ ठूलो विपत्ति आउन सक्छ। यसैले मानिसले प्रकृतिसँग मित्रता गर्दै, सन्तुलन र सम्मानका साथ जीवन यापन गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने सन्देश दिएको छ।
A. Based on Structure
ReplyDelete• Yes/No Questions
• Ask for confirmation; answered with "yes" or "no".
• Example:
– Are you coming?
– Did he finish his homework?
• Wh- Questions
• Start with question words like who, what, where, when, why, which, whose, how; ask for specific information.
• Example:
– Where do you live?
– How did you do that?
• Alternative Questions
• Offer choices; usually joined by or.
• Example:
– Would you like tea or coffee?
– Is she coming by bus or by train?
• Tag Questions
• A statement followed by a short question tag to confirm or check information.
• Example:
– You’re a student, aren’t you?
– It’s cold today, isn’t it?
• Embedded/Indirect Questions
• Questions included inside another sentence; more polite.
• Example:
– Could you tell me where he lives?
– Do you know if she has arrived?
B. Based on Purpose
• Open-ended Questions
• Allow detailed answers.
• Example:
– What do you think about this book?
• Closed-ended Questions
• Limited to “yes/no” or brief choice answers.
• Example:
– Do you like ice cream?
• Rhetorical Questions
• Asked for effect; do not expect an answer.
• Example:
– Who doesn’t want to be happy?
Summary
ReplyDeletePoem "Corona Says" by Vishnu Singh Rai
The poem "Corona Says" by Vishnu Singh Rai is a subtle satire that reflects on human behavior and attitude. It is based on the current global crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and highlights its severe impact on human life. The poem presents the pandemic as a result of how humans have treated nature, showing it as a consequence of their own actions.
In the poem, the speaker is Corona itself, speaking directly to humans. Corona explains that it is not the actual cause of human suffering, but rather the result of human misdeeds. It tells humans that it did not come to Earth by choice but was invited due to their careless behavior. Corona criticizes humans for their wars, destruction, and ego, and highlights their disregard for other living beings and natural resources.
The poem also discusses pollution and the environmental damage caused by humans. Corona says it has come to give the Earth a break and help people realize that the planet does not belong to them alone. It warns that if humans don’t change their ways and stop being so self-centered, more such diseases may come in the future, pushing humanity backward instead of forward.
. How does the poem "Corona Says" present the pandemic as a result of human actions? Explain with reference to
ReplyDeleteAnswer:
The poem "Corona Says" by Vishnu Singh Rai is a thought-provoking and satirical piece that presents the COVID-19 pandemic not merely as a health crisis but as a consequence of human misconduct and mistreatment of nature. The poem is unique in its perspective as it personifies the virus ‘Corona’ and makes it the speaker who addresses humanity directly.
Corona begins by stating that it is not the root cause of human suffering but rather a result of human behavior. It tries to convince humans that the destruction caused by the pandemic is not its own intention but the outcome of human ignorance, ego, and exploitation of nature. The virus says it did not come to the earth on its own will but was invited by humans themselves. This highlights the poet's idea that the outbreak is linked to human actions such as pollution, wars, and the disregard for other living beings.
The poem emphasizes the inflated ego of mankind, which considers itself superior to all other creatures and believes that the Earth exists solely for its benefit. Humans, blinded by their materialistic desires, have been exploiting nature for centuries. Through the voice of Corona, the poet reminds readers that the Earth is not human property alone—it belongs to all living beings.
Corona criticizes humans for damaging the environment and disturbing the balance of nature. It notes how the Earth and nature have found a brief moment of rest due to the lockdowns and reduced human activities during the pandemic. Pollution decreased, animals roamed freely, and nature began to heal. This implies that the Earth is better off without the destructive interference of humans.
Furthermore, the virus warns that if humans do not change their ways and continue to act selfishly, other similar or more dangerous diseases might follow. The poem ends with a serious warning: if humans do not give up their pride and learn to live in harmony with nature, they may eventually push themselves back to the primitive cave life.
In conclusion, the poem “Corona Says” is not just about a virus, but about self-reflection. It is a powerful message from nature, urging humans to reconsider their actions, respect all forms of life, and protect the environment before it’s too late.
Why did the speaker try to be the way men wanted her to be?
ReplyDeleteThe speaker initially tried to conform to the expectations of men because she lived in a male-dominated society. However, as a modern and independent woman, she disliked being a puppet of patriarchal norms. Eventually, she chose to resist and fight against the dominance of men.
b. What do you understand by her feet ‘would not accept walking backwards’?
The phrase "her feet would not accept walking backwards" means she refused to go back to a submissive life controlled by men. Instead, she chose to move forward, carving a new path of equality and freedom for herself and for other women.
c. Who are the old guards? Why did they grow desperate?
The "old guards" refer to the traditional, conservative individuals in a male-dominated society who view women as inferior. They grew desperate because the speaker, Julia, was courageously moving forward, challenging their authority and striving for women's liberation.
d. How did the speaker have ‘a feeling of intimate liberation’?
The speaker experienced a feeling of deep personal freedom as she stepped away from the traditional path set by men. Despite the pain and difficulties, creating her own path gave her a sense of empowerment and liberation.
e. Why did the speaker’s desire to follow men warp in her?
The speaker's desire to follow men faded because she recognized the restrictive rules imposed on women by male-dominated ideologies. She longed for independence, happiness, and the chance to realize her own potential—freed from the limitations set by men—so she rejected their control.
In the poem I Was My Own Route by Julia de Burgos, the speaker initially tried to be the way men wanted her to be because society expected women to follow traditional, male-defined roles. She felt pressured to fit into these expectations. However, as a modern and self-aware woman, she realized that conforming meant losing her identity and freedom. This led her to reject those imposed roles and create her own path, seeking liberation from male dominance.
ReplyDeleteMain Theme
ReplyDeletePoem: Corona Says by Vishnu Singh Rai
Question: What is the theme of the poem Corona Says by Vishnu Singh Rai?
The central theme of the poem is the global crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its severe impact on human life. The poem delivers a subtle satire highlighting human behavior and attitude. It suggests that the pandemic is a consequence of humankind's irresponsible treatment of nature.
Format of a news article
ReplyDelete1. Headline
• A short, catchy, and clear title that summarizes the main news.
• Should attract readers’ attention.
• Example: "Local School Wins National Science Award"
2. Byline
• Tells who wrote the article.
• Example: By Raju Karki
3. Dateline
• States the place and date where the news is reported from.
• Example: SIMARA, Aug 11
4. Lead (Opening Paragraph)
• Answers the 5 W’s and 1 H:
• Who?
• What?
• When?
• Where?
• Why?
• How?
• Should give the most important facts in 2–3 sentences.
• Example:
Brighter Academy students won first place in the National Science Fair held in Kathmandu on Sunday, impressing judges with their innovative solar-powered water filter.
5. Body (Supporting Details)
• Arranged in the inverted pyramid style:
• Most important facts first.
• Less important details later.
• Background information and quotes at the end.
• Includes:
• Quotes from people involved
• Additional facts
• Statistics or figures
• Background/context
6. Conclusion
• Wraps up the story.
• Can give future plans, expected outcomes, or final remarks.
Example Layout:
Headline: Brighter Academy Students Shine at National Science Fair
Byline: By Raju Karki Dateline: SIMARA, Aug 11
Lead: Brighter Academy students won first place in the National Science Fair held in Kathmandu on Sunday, impressing judges with their innovative solar-powered water filter.
Body: The competition featured over 50 schools from across the country. The Brighter Academy team, led by Kritika and Kritiman, developed the filter to provide clean drinking water in rural areas. “We wanted to create something that could help people in villages where electricity is not available,” said Kritika. The winning project will be showcased in the International Science Exhibition next month in India.
Conclusion: The school plans to continue supporting student-led innovations and will introduce a special science research club next academic year.
Headline:
ReplyDeleteDigital Payment Systems Surge in Nepal’s Growing Economy
Byline:
By Raju Karki
Dateline:
KATHMANDU, Aug 11
Lead:
Digital payment in Nepal has seen a sharp rise in recent years as more people shift from cash transactions to online and mobile-based payment systems. Improved internet access, increased smartphone use, and government support have fueled this transformation in the country’s financial sector.
Body:
According to the Nepal Rastra Bank, mobile banking transactions increased by over 40% in the past year, with popular platforms such as eSewa, Khalti, and FonePay leading the market. Banks and financial institutions are rapidly integrating QR code payments, online banking apps, and e-wallet services to meet public demand.
Digital payment has not only made financial transactions faster but also contributed to transparency, reduced cash handling risks, and encouraged small businesses to join the formal economy.
“I no longer have to carry large amounts of cash,” said Sunita Shrestha, a shop owner in Kathmandu. “Customers prefer paying via QR code, and it’s safe and convenient for everyone.”
The government has also launched initiatives to promote a cashless economy, including tax incentives for businesses using digital transactions. However, challenges such as limited internet access in rural areas, low digital literacy, and cyber-security threats remain.
Conclusion:
Experts believe that with continued infrastructure development, awareness campaigns, and secure payment technologies, Nepal can achieve a largely cashless economy within the next decade.
Use of the following frequency adverbs..
ReplyDelete1. Always
• Meaning: 100% of the time
• Position: Before the main verb / after be verb
• Example: She always wakes up early.
• (She is always kind to everyone.)
2. Usually / Generally
• Meaning: About 80–90% of the time
• Position: Before the main verb / after be verb
• Example: I generally take tea in the morning.
3. Often / Frequently
• Meaning: About 60–80% of the time
• Position: Before the main verb / after be verb
• Example: We often go for a walk in the evening.
• (He is frequently late to class.)
4. Sometimes
• Meaning: About 40–50% of the time
• Position: Can be at the start, middle, or end of a sentence
• Example: Sometimes, I forget my keys. I sometimes play guitar.
5. Occasionally / From time to time / Now and then
• Meaning: About 20–30% of the time
• Position: Usually at the beginning or end, but can be before the main verb
• Example: She travels abroad occasionally.
• (I meet him from time to time.)
6. Rarely / Seldom
• Meaning: About 5–10% of the time (almost never)
• Position: Before the main verb / after be verb
• Example: He rarely eats fast food.
7. Never
• Meaning: 0% of the time
• Position: Before the main verb / after be verb
• Example: I never smoke. / She is never late.
8. Ever
• Meaning: At any time (used mainly in questions and negatives)
• Position: After have/has/had or before the main verb in questions
• Example: Have you ever been to Pokhara?
• (Nobody ever calls me.)
Quick Frequency Chart (Most to Least)
Always → Usually/Generally → Often/Frequently → Sometimes → Occasionally → Rarely/Seldom → Never
The central idea of Stephen L. Nock’s essay “Marriage is a Social Institution” is that marriage is more than just a private relationship between two individuals—it is a structured social institution that reflects and reinforces cultural norms, social expectations, and legal frameworks. Nock emphasizes that marriage shapes behavior, defines roles, and creates social stability by linking personal commitment to broader societal values. In other words, marriage functions not only to unite two people emotionally but also to serve society by organizing family life, legitimizing parenthood, and passing on traditions and responsibilities.
ReplyDeleteUnderstanding the text
ReplyDeletea. According to the author, what is marriage?
According to Stephen L. Nock, marriage is a socially recognized union between two individuals that establishes rights and obligations between them, their children, and their in-laws. It is a socially approved relationship that is regulated by norms and laws.
b. How is marriage an institution?
Marriage is an institution because it is a structured and enduring social arrangement governed by rules, norms, and expectations that define the roles and responsibilities of partners within a society.
c. What are the rules that a marriage has?
A marriage has rules regarding sexual exclusivity, mutual support, shared responsibilities, rights to property, child-rearing, and loyalty to one another.
d. Why does marriage matter to men?
Marriage matters to men because it provides them with social status, stability, legitimacy in fatherhood, and emotional as well as economic benefits. It also connects them to broader social networks.
e. What is one of the central problems in modern society?
One of the central problems in modern society is the decline of marriage as a stable institution, leading to weakened family bonds and reduced social cohesion.
f. What does social capital consist of?
Social capital consists of the networks, relationships, trust, and norms that enable individuals to work together for mutual benefit and strengthen community ties.
g. What is normative marriage? Explain.
Normative marriage refers to the socially accepted model of marriage that follows traditional patterns—typically monogamous, heterosexual, lifelong, publicly acknowledged, and legally recognized, with clearly defined roles for husbands and wives.
a. What is the main theme of the story?
ReplyDeleteThe main theme of The Selfish Giant is selfishness and love. It tells the story of a selfish giant who transforms into a kind and selfless one. At first, the giant is cruel and refuses to let children play in his beautiful garden, locking its gates. However, when the children stop coming, the garden loses its beauty and never experiences spring again. Realizing his mistake, the giant allows the children to return, and the garden blossoms once more. This change helps him understand the true meaning of love and sharing. The story reflects human nature—how we often hesitate to share with those in need. It teaches that by showing love and compassion, we can receive love in return.
One memorable event of contagious laughter in my life happened during a class picnic. We were all sitting together after lunch, sharing jokes and funny stories. One of my friends tried to tell a joke, but he mispronounced a word in such a hilarious way that we all burst out laughing. The more we laughed, the harder it became to stop. Even those who didn’t hear the joke started laughing just by looking at our faces. For several minutes, the whole group was caught up in uncontrollable laughter, with tears rolling down our cheeks. That moment reminded me how powerful and joyful shared laughter can be, and it remains one of the happiest memories of my school life.
ReplyDeleteMy favorite comedian is Kedar Ghimire, popularly known by his stage name “Magne Budha.” He is one of the most recognized comedians, actors, directors, and social workers in Nepal. Besides this, he is also a talented playwright and director. He gained immense popularity from the TV serial Meri Bassai, which became one of the most successful serials in Nepal because of funny and entertaining characters like him. His natural humor and acting skills always make people laugh whenever they watch him perform. Even after leaving Meri Bassai, he continued his success by acting in blockbuster movies like Chha Ekan Chha and Wada Number Chha. Nepali audiences admire his unique acting style, charm, and contribution to society. Apart from his career in comedy, he is also known for his social work. After the devastating earthquake, he actively supported victims by helping those in need and even building houses for disaster and pandemic-affected families. His combination of humor, talent, and humanitarian work makes him truly special and admirable.
ReplyDelete